身体的意向性及其批判——“四象论”与身体美学的现象学研究

On the Intentionality of Body and Critique on It:“Four Images”Theory and Phenomenological Studies of Body Aesthetics

由现象学的意向性分析出意向性的直观必须建立在知觉基础之上,而知觉必须是建立在感觉之上的,由此在知觉意向性的三个维度——可视见、可述听、可触觉对身体进行现象学考察和还原:在可视见维度上借鉴胡塞尔图像意识中的图像本体、图像客体、图像事物概念将世界依其图像意向的不同划分为本象、直象、间象、想象,从而将身体分为本象身体、直象身体、间象身体、想象身体;在可述听维度上可以将身体划分为述元身体和述构身体;在可触知维度上又有他在身体与此在身体。身体呈现出本象身体与间象身体、想象身体、他在的直象身体,述构身体与述元身体,他在身体与此在身体的他者机制,继而反思和批判当下语境——大众传媒影响下的后现代主义大众消费文化下的身体和身体美现象,发现资本正是利用了身体的他者机制。最后,提出四象论,其理论基础在于胡塞尔自己对现象学、现象学还原的解释和它的图像意识学说,四象论中的本象、直象、间象、想象的实质是意向经验中的意向对象。

Intentionality must be built on a perceptual basis and perception must be built on the basis of feeling. Thus body could be studied and reduced by phenomenological in three dimensions of perception intentionality,namely it may be visualized, narrated and listened, touched and felt. In the dimension of being visualized, drawing on the concept of image-subject, image-object, image-thing in Husserl phenomenological image consciousness, the world is divided into four kinds of image： noumenon image, direct presentation image, indirect presentation image and imagined image according to different image intentions. And accordingly body is divided into four kinds： noumenon image body, direct presentation image body, indirect presentation image body and imagined image body. In the dimension of being narrated and listened, the body is divided into two kinds： origin body before narrative and narrative construction body. In the dimension of being touched and felt, body is divided into two kinds： other body and being-there body. Body manifests other relationship mechanism between noumenon image body and indirect presentation image body, imagined image body, other direct presentation image body, between origin body before narrative and narrative construction body, and between other body and being-there body. Then this paper reflects and criticizes body and the physical beauty of the phenomenon of the present context and discovers that capital makes use of other relationship mechanism of body. Finally, this paper proposes Four Images Theory on its theoretical foundation that Husserl＇s interpretation of intentionality and its image consciousness theory, the essence of four kinds of image-noumenon image, direct presentation image, indirect presentation image and imagined image is the intention object of the intention of experience.