明代中都国子监探微

The Directorate of Imperial Academy in the Central Capital of Ming Dynasty

明代北京有国子监,称北监,南京亦有国子监,称南监。除此之外,在中都凤阳,曾经设立过中都国子监,虽然设立的时间不足二十年,但是它的设立是朱元璋试图将凤阳建成都城的体现,无论在规模还是教官品级上,中都国子监都向当时在南京的国子监看齐,其规模亦不小,后来撤销后,逐渐淹没无闻,甚至关于设置的时间都有争论,其教官、生员情况,亦很少提及,有必要作一梳理。它的兴衰可以反映当时朱元璋在建国初期的深思熟虑,对了解明代早期的教育情况也有帮助。

Beijian, was the Imperial Academy in Beijing in the Ming Dynasty while Nanjian, another Imperial Academy in Nanjing. They were directorates in the North and South of Ming Dynasty. Besides, there was also an Imperial Academy in Fengyang once upon a time. It existed no more than 20 years, but it reflected Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang＇s wish to build Fengyang as a capital. In both size and instructors＇ grade,it kept up with the Imperial Academy in Nanjing. After it was canceled, it was buried and forgotten gradually. The debate about the time of its establishment began to appear. It is necessary to tease out its time, instructors and students. Its evolution might well reflect the consideration of Emperor Zhu in establishment of the new dynasty. It will do good to the understanding of the early Ming Dynasty.