集装箱堆场分配与自动化装载小车路径联合优化

Combinatorial optimization on container yard allocation and automated lifted vehicle path

为研究自动化装载小车(Automated Lifted Vehicle,ALV)在自动化集装箱码头的作业状况,首先考虑ALV自行装卸集装箱的能力,其次考虑卸船集装箱的堆场分配与ALV的路径联合优化问题,以每个集装箱在时间窗内完成装卸任务为目标建立混合整数规划模型.最后通过比较不同实验条件下求出的最优目标延迟时间和计算机运行时间,得出整个操作过程中ALV数、集装箱数和堆场子箱区数这三者之间的关系.数值实验表明:当集装箱数和ALV数一定时,随着装卸箱比例的增大,目标延迟时间和模型运算时间呈相同的变化趋势,即在既有装船箱又有卸船箱时应优先分配ALV满足装船箱的运输;当集装箱数一定时,随着ALV数的增加,目标延迟时间和模型运算时间逐步减少;当ALV数一定时,随集装箱数的增加,目标延迟时间和模型运算时间增加.

The Automated Lifted Vehicle（ ALV） operating conditions in automated container terminals are studied. Firstly,the ability of ALV that can load ／ discharge containers by itself is considered. Secondly,considering a combinatorial optimization issue on yard allocation of discharged containers from ships and the ALV path,a mixed integer programming model is established to ensure that all containers are handled in the time window. Finally,comparing the delay time and the computation time of solving optimal solutions under different experimental conditions,the relationship is obtained among the ALV number,the container number and the yard sub-block number. The numerical experiment shows that：when the container number and the ALV number are constant,the delay time and the computation time have the same trend with the increase of ratio of the container number to be loaded to ships to the container number discharged from ships; namely,when there are the containers to be loaded to ships and the discharged containers from ships,it has a priority to dispatch ALVs to transport the containers to be load-ed to ships; when the container number is constant,the delay time and the computation time gradually decrease with the increase of the ALV number; when the ALV number is constant,the delay time and the computation time increase with the increase of the container number.