势能概念的探讨

Discussion of conception of potential energy

从宏观的角度看,质点组的势能可以认为是构成质点组的所有质点的势能之和.它可以分为内势能和外势能两部分.其中内势能又称为相互作用势能,质点组内部质点间的相互作用势能仅与质点间的相对位置有关,而与惯性系和坐标系的选择无关;外势能则为保守外场(力)对质点组做功的等效处理,因惯性系和坐标系的不同而改变.由于质点组的内势能的重要性和特殊性,可以直接将其称为质点组的势能.

From a macro point of view, potential energy of group of particles can be considered as in a consists of the sum of all potential energy of every particle.It can be divided into two parts of internal potential energy and external potential energy.The internal potential energy also called the interactive potential energy,since the interaction among the internal particles only related to their relative positions but unrelated to the choice of the inertial system and coordinate system.However,the external potential energy is equivalent to the treatment of the work which has done by conservative outfield（force）,and it changes with different inertial system and coordinate system.Because of the importance and special characteristics of the internal potential energy of the particle group,it is can be called particle group potential energy directly.