贵州草海水生维管束植物分布现状及近30年变化特征研究

Distribution Status and Changes in Recent 30 Years of Aquatic Vascular Plants in Caohai of Guizhou

在2011—2013年期间对贵州省草海国家级自然保护区水生维管束植物进行监测调查,共记录水生维管束植物61种,隶属27科40属。参考前人调查研究结果发现,新增3科4属4种,分别为水烛(Typha angustifolia L.)、黑三棱[Sparganium stoloniferum(Graebn.)Buch.-Ham.ex Juz.]、千屈菜(Lythrum salicaria L.)、问荆(Equisetum arvense L.)。由于草海上游周边植被破坏严重、水源涵养功能丧失,泥沙随地表径流对湖床堆积作用,促使东部大型挺水植物群落的形成,加快了草海沿挺水植物-沼泽植物-湿中生植物-草甸化的演替进程。另外,城镇化建设与人口压力导致草海水体富营养化程度加剧,尤其草海东部最为典型,水生维管束植物分布多为耐污染、易泛滥种类,其群落结构简单,易造成物种多样性丧失。

The distribution of aquatic vascular plants in Caohai national natural reserve of Guizhou province were investigated during 2011 to 2013. The results showed that the native aquatic vascular plants of Caohai national natural reserve comprised40 families and 27 genera with 61 species, of which 3 families and 4 genera with 4 species [（Typha angustifolia L.,Sparganium stoloniferum（Graebn.） Buch.-Ham. ex Juz.,Lythrum salicaria L.,Equisetum arvense L.）] were newly discovered on the premise of consulting historical documents. The combined effects of the destruction of vegetation in upstream Caohai,the loss of water conservation, the surface runoff induced deposit of Caohai Lake, jointly promoted the formation of emergent aquatic plants and enhanced the succession of the ecosystem from emergent aquatic plants to limnocryptophyte, meadow, and finally to march plants communities in certain period. In addition, the urbanization and population explosion along Caohai led to the deterioration of eutrophication, especially in its eastern part, and caused the extension of tolerant species, which were characterized by simplified community structures, resulting in the decrease of species diversity.