宁夏各市2012年生态承载力供需平衡状况分析

Municipal Supply and Demand Balance of the Ecological Capacity of Ningxia in 2012

从生态承载力的角度出发,应用生态足迹模型,引入生态供需平衡指数,对2012年宁夏回族自治区5个地级市的不同土地利用类型的生态足迹和生态承载力进行测算。结果显示,2012年宁夏固原市生态足迹最小,为2.047 hm^2/人;吴忠市生态足迹最大,为2.560 hm^2/人。银川市的生态承载力为五市之中最小,为0.669 4 hm2/人;中卫市的生态承载力最大,为1.631 4 hm^2/人。各市均表现出生态赤字,从生态平衡指数得出银川生态赤字最大,中卫生态赤字最小。分析不同土地利用类型可知各市的耕地、草地、林地、水域、化石能源用地、建筑用地的生态足迹差别较大,其中草地和水域的生态赤字量最大。

The ecological footprint analysis method was used to calculate the ecological footprint, balance index of supply and demand of different types of land use in 5 cities of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region in 2012. The results show ed that the ecological footprint of Guyuan was the lowest and 2.047 hm^2 per human, while that of Wuzhong was highest and 2.560 hm^2 per human among the five cities. The ecological carrying capacity of Yinchuan was the lowest and that of Zhongwei was the high est among all cities, which was 0.669 4 hm^2/ human and 1.631 4 hm^2/ human, respectively. The five cities were all in the condition of ecological defict. With the balance index of supply and demand, the ecological defict of Yinchuan was largest, while that of Zhongwei was lowest. The ecological footprint of different types of land use（farmland, grassland, woodland, waters, fossil energy land and construction land）varied greatly. Grassland and water was in large propotion of ecological deficit.