上肢滑轮拉力蝶泳动作生物力学分析

A biomechanics analysis of upper limb tension pulley for butterfly stroke

采用表面肌电和摄像技术,同步观测高水平游泳运动员游泳上肢滑轮拉力训练蝶泳划臂动作特征,并分析表面肌电和运动学等生物力学特征。结果显示:腕关节屈肌、肱三头肌和背阔肌放电强度最大;不同动作阶段主要发力的肌肉不同,肌肉活动贡献率有所区别;抱水阶段肌肉放电强度最大,与水中蝶泳推水阶段产生最大推进力的特点不同;滑轮拉力蝶泳手臂动作肩、肘关节角度表明流线型较差、高肘动作不明显;各时相用时分布不理想,移臂时间过长。建议训练中加强技术动作的改进和提高,最大限度与水中蝶泳技术相符合。

Using the surface electromyography and video interview to observe the characteristics of upper arm tension butterfly stroke training of high level swimmers,analyzes the bio-mechanical characteristics of surface electromyography and kinematics of upper limb. The result shows that wrist flexor muscle,triceps and latissimus dorsi discharge the biggest; different movement stages of different muscles,muscle activity contribution rate differ;butterfly stroke push water stage produce maximum thrust characteristics of different; the tension pulley butterflystroke arm movements shoulder and elbow joint angle that streamlined poor,high elbow is not obvious; the phase distribution is not ideal,arm for a long time shift. This paper gives suggestion that strengthening the technical actions and getting the most out of butterfly technology.