上海市松江区儿童呼吸道病毒感染的流行特征分析

Analysis on the epidemiological characteristics of child respiratory virus infection in Songjiang,Shanghai

目的分析上海市松江区儿童患者中甲型、乙型流感病毒,呼吸道合胞病毒,腺病毒和副流感病毒1、2、3型共7种常见呼吸道病毒的流行特征,为临床诊疗、疫情监控和预防提供指导。方法收集来自上海市松江区有呼吸道感染症状的1 981例患儿鼻咽拭子样本,利用直接免疫荧光法（DFA）检测甲型、乙型流感病毒,呼吸道合胞病毒,腺病毒和副流感病毒1、2、3型共7种呼吸道常见病毒的抗原,统计分析其感染率以及在春夏秋冬不同季节和不同年龄段感染率的差异。结果 7种呼吸道常见病毒在松江区患儿中的阳性率分别为：甲型流感病毒4.3%,乙型流感病毒2.8%,呼吸道合胞病毒11.0%,腺病毒0.4%,副流感病毒1型1.5%,副流感病毒2型0.1%,副流感病毒3型3.2%。呼吸道病毒总阳性率以冬季和春季最高,分别为27.5%和23.0%,不同季节总阳性率差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。除副流感病毒1型、副流感病毒2型和腺病毒外,其余病毒在不同季节的阳性率差异亦有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。呼吸道病毒在3~5岁组患儿的总阳性率最高（27.7%）,其次为0~2岁组（24.8%）,各年龄组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论呼吸道合胞病毒是松江区儿童最常见的呼吸道病毒,冬季和春季是松江区儿童呼吸道病毒感染的高发期,多数为单病毒感染,0~5岁儿童是呼吸道病毒的最易感人群。

Objective To analyze the epidemiologial characteristics of 7 common respiratory viruses,including influenza A virus,influenza B virus,respiratory syncytial virus,adenovirus and human parainfluenza virus type 1,type2 and type 3,among children in Songjiang,Shanghai,and to provide the reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment,epidemic surveillance and prevention. Methods Nasopharyngeal swab samples were collected from 1 981 children presenting influenza-like symptoms in Songjiang,Shanghai,and were determined by direct fluorescent antibody staining（ DFA） for the 7 common respiratory viruses. The positive rates were calculated and compared with different age groups and season groups. Results The positive rates of influenza A virus,influenza B virus,respiratory syncytial virus,adenovirus and human parainfluenza virus type 1,type 2 and type 3 were 4. 3%,2. 8%,11. 0%,0. 4%,1. 5%,0. 1% and 3. 2%,respectively. The positive rates of the 7 common respiratory viruses were most common in winter and spring（ 27. 5% and 23. 0%）. There was statistical significance for the positive rates with different seasons（ P 〈 0. 05）.Except for human parainfluenza virus type 1 and type 2 and adenovirus,the positive rates of the remaining 4 respiratory viruses were statistically significant with different season groups（ P 〈 0. 05）. There was statistical significance in the positive rates of the 4 age groups（ P 〈 0. 01）,and the positive rates of the 7 common respiratory viruses were most common in 3-5-year-old group and 0-2-year-old group（ 27. 7% and 24. 8%）. Conclusions Respiratory syncytial virus is the most common virus among children with influenza-like symptoms. Winter and spring are the epidemic seasons for the 7 common respiratory viruses in Songjiang,Shanghai. Children under 5-year-old are susceptible to these viruses.