从权威型文学场域到生产型文学场域——中国网络小说发展中人的境况

From Authoritative Literary Field to Productive Literary Field:Human Conditions for Development of Chinese Network Novels

艺术从根本上讲是一种公众行为,它依赖于参与这一场域的每一个主体的行动。场域中占据各个位置的团体或个人之间的关系不是松散的,而是按照特定历史条件下场域内的游戏规则处于一种互生共存的网络或构造之中。而作为社会公众性艺术之一的小说自然也在文学场域中形成了其特有的话语空间。进入新世纪以来,随着数字媒介革命的进程,小说这一文体在生产、传播和消费方面已经显示出从权威型文学场域向生产型文学场域转变的趋势,主要表现为作者的族群化和大众化、读者的在场和互动性、传播媒介的多元性和高效性。在生产型文学场域中的网络小说可谓是风生水起、轰轰烈烈,但是在热闹喧哗的背后暴露出的则是当代中国青年的精神困境,而如何重建当代中国青年的精神价值则是摆在每个文化批评者面前的严峻挑战。

Art is fundamentally a public behavior depending on the actions of each subject to participate in this field. Relationship between groups or individuals occupying various positions in the field is not a loose one,but a network of alternative coexistence according to the specific historical conditions within the rules of the game. As one of the socially public arts,novel formed its unique discourse space in the literary field. Entering the new century,with the process of the digital media revolution,novel has showed a natural trend that authoritative literary field is transforming to productive literary field in production,dissemination and consumption,indicated mainly by ethnic grouping and popularity of authors,presence and interaction of readers,and media pluralism and efficiency.In the productive literary field,network novels are regarded as vigorous and prosperous. However,what is exposed behind this booming is the spiritual dilemma of the contemporary Chinese youth. How to demonstrate the spiritual value of contemporary Chinese youth is becoming a severe challenge for every cultural critic.