我国刑事立法中行为人的亲属身份述评

Review of the Perpetrator's Relatives Identity in the Criminal Laws

研究我国刑事立法中行为人的亲属身份,有利于推进对相关行为人正确定罪量刑。这类身份基于婚姻、血缘或法律拟制而生,"家庭成员"和"近亲属"是一种交叉重合关系。《刑法》中虐待、遗弃二罪的行为人与被害人互为家庭成员,其中遗弃罪的主体范围比虐待罪要窄,只是家庭成员的一部分。对利用影响力受贿罪中的"近亲属"做最大范围的把握才符合立法者本意,而对近亲属间盗窃、诈骗、敲诈勒索、抢劫等行为中的"近亲属"则界定为《刑事诉讼法》规定的较小范围比较合适。

The study of the perpetrator＇s relatives identity in criminal law is conducive to promoting proper criterions for the conviction and sentencing The perpetrator＇s relatives identity is based on kinship or marriage. The relationship beween ＂family members＂ and ＂close relatives＂ is a kind of cross relationship. In c riminal law,the offender and the victim in maltreatment or desertion are family members. The subject of the crime of abandonment is only part of the family members,the scope of which is narrower than abuse. The widest range of ＂Close relatives＂ in bribes is consistent with the intention of the lawmakers. While in theft,fraud,extortion,robbery and other offenses,the range of ＂Close relatives＂ should be smaller.