磁共振弥散张量成像在中枢神经系统疾病中的临床应用进展

Application of diffusion tensor imaging in the central nervous system diseases

磁共振弥散张量成像(diffusion tensor imaging,DTI)是一种新的功能性磁共振成像技术,通过分析脑白质纤维束完整性来评估疾病严重程度,是当前可对脑白质纤维束行三维重建的新方法,经过近二十年的逐渐发展,已在临床工作中得到初步应用。通过分析病变组织的弥散变化,及颅内病变与白质纤维束之间的关系,为诊断疾病和判断预后提供重要信息。此文就DTI基本原理及其在脑卒中、脑肿瘤、神经系统退行性病变、脱髓鞘疾病、精神疾病等中枢神经系统疾病中的临床应用作一综述。

Magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging（DTI） is the new technique developed in recent years,which quantitatively refleets the integrity of white matter fiber tracts by the diffusion of water molecules in human brain. It is mainly used to evaluate the in tegrity of white matter especially the white matter fiber tracts which influenced by neurologic diseases. So far, DTI is the unique exam- ination which can quantitatively reflect the integrity of white matter fiber tracts by the diffusion of water molecules in human brain without any intrusion. This technique can analyze the diffusion characteristic of the affected tissue quantitatively; exhibit the relation- ship between the intracerebral affections and the white matter fiber tracts directly. Therefore,it provides more information for diagnosis and prognosis of the diseases. This article reviews the principle of DTI and summarizes the current researches of its common clinical application in central nervous system diseases including stroke, brain tumor, neurodegenerative disorders, demyelinative disease, etc.