走向体面劳动——论家政行业劳动关系的规范

The Road towards Decent Work——The Standardization of Labor Relations in Domestic Industries

本文主要以广州地区家政行业的现状与问题为出发点,通过对从业人员的问卷调查和对行业协会工作人员的访谈,发现目前广州地区的大多数家政工并未与家政公司建立正式劳动关系,只有少数签订了劳动合同,同时存在工资水平较低、社会保险权益缺失、流动性较大的问题。这些问题产生的深层次原因包括家政工缺少明确的法律定位、不稳定的就业性质、供需双方矛盾、较低的服务技能和服务意识、私人封闭的工作环境等。借鉴国际劳工组织《家政工人体面劳动公约》的相关内容,构建家政行业劳动关系,需要政府制定统一的劳动合同,完善从业人员劳动权益,加强家政工技能培训以及发挥家政行业工会的作用,以削弱其非正规就业性,使家政工得到体面的劳动条件。

This paper primarily looks at the current situation and problems of domestic industries in Guangzhou. Through questionnaire surveys of employees, and interviews with industry association staff, it was discovered that at present the majority of domestic workers in the Guangzhou area have not established formal labor relations with domestic companies, and only a minority have signed labor contracts. At the same time these prob- lems exist： wages are relatively low, social insurance is lacking, and liquidity is rather large. The underlying causes of these problems include domes- tic workers lacking a legal position, unstable employment, fluctuating supply and demand, low service ability and service recognition, and a closed pri- vate work environment etc. Drawing from the relevant content from the International Labor Organization＇ s ＂Convention on Decent Work for Domes- tic Workers＂, constructing domestic industry labor relations requires the government to set a standard labor contract, improve the labor rights of employees, strengthen domestic worker training and increase the role of labor unions in the domestic industry, in order to decrease informal employment and allow domestic workers to receive decent working conditions.