影响玉米籽粒直接机械化收获质量的生物学性状分析

Analysis of Maize Biological Traits Which Affected Corn Kernel Mechanically Harvesting Qualities

为了明确不同生物学性状对玉米籽粒直接机械化收获质量的影响,设置了8个不同程度适宜机收的玉米品种籽粒直接机械化收获试验,比较了玉米籽粒含水率、株型性状、穗部性状、产量构成因素、穗下茎节抗倒伏性状对8个玉米品种的籽粒直接机械化收获后籽粒破碎率、杂质率、落穗率和落籽率的影响。结果表明,8个玉米品种籽粒直接机械化收获时籽粒含水率差异较大,德美亚1号含水率最低,桥玉8号次之;蠡玉16含水率最高,郑单1002次之;郑单958籽粒含水率为29.91%,处于中间水平。相关分析表明,显著影响玉米籽粒直接机械化收获质量的主要因素有:籽粒含水率、穗位高、穗粗、苞叶总宽度、穗下茎节压碎强度。综合分析,适宜我国籽粒直接机械化收获的玉米品种应该具有后期籽粒脱水速率快、籽粒含水率较低、穗位高较低、穗粗较细、苞叶总宽度较窄、穗下茎节压碎强度较大多个生物特性。为今后培育适宜籽粒直接收获玉米新品种提供了重要参考。

Eight different maize hybrids were chosen to study the biological traits which had important influence on maize kernel mechanically harvesting qualities. The quality indicators of corn machinery direct harvesting included kernel crashing rate,grain impunity rate,era losing rate and kernel losing rate. We had analyzed the correlation between grain moisture content and kernel crashing rate,grain impunity rate,era losing rate and kernel losing rate independently. Then we studied the maize plant type biological traits,ear biological traits,yield biological traits and lording biological resistant traits which had important effect on kernel mechanical harvesting indexes. The results showed that different maize varieties had different grain moisture content. Demeiya No. 1 had the lowest grain moisture content,whereas Liyu 16 had the highest grain moisture content,followed by Zhengdan 1002. The grain moisture content of Zhengdan 958 was 29. 91%,which was in the middle level of the eight different grain moisture contents. We found that grain moisture content,ear height,ear diameter,rind crushing resistance and bract width were significantly correlated with maize kernel mechanically harvesting qualities. To cultivate new maize hybrid which was more suitable for mechanically harvesting,the grain moisture content,ear height,ear diameter,bract width all should be decreased.