施肥和密度对张杂谷5号叶绿素荧光特性的影响

Effects of Fertilizer and Density on Chlorophyll Fluorescence Characteristics in Foxtail Millet Hybrid Zhangzagu 5

为揭示光合作用对施肥水平和种植密度的响应机制,以张杂谷5号为试验材料,采用5因素5水平二次通用旋转设计,分析氮、磷、钾、行距和株距对叶绿素荧光参数的影响。结果表明,氮对非光化学淬灭、光化学淬灭、最大光化学量子产量、实际光化学量子产量均有显著影响;在设计范围内,实际光化学量子产量和光化学淬灭随着施氮肥水平的增加均呈先增后降的趋势;随着氮的增加最大光化学量子产量呈直线上升趋势;非化学淬灭参数随着施氮量的增加先减小后增大。磷对实际光化学量子产量和非化学淬灭有显著影响,并且这些指标随着施磷量的增加均呈先增后减趋势。钾对实际光化学量子产量和光化学淬灭都有显著影响。行距对实际光化学量子产量、光化学淬灭和非光化学淬灭参数均有显著影响。氮与钾、氮与株距、钾与株距的相互作用对光化学淬灭和实际光化学量子产量影响显著。磷与行距的相互作用对最大光化学量子产量有显著影响。说明合理的施肥和密植可改善张杂谷5号的光合功能,从而增加作物干物质积累量,提高产量。

In this study,a quadratic general rotation combination design with five factors was employed to evaluate the effects of fertilizer levels（ N,P2O5,and K2O） and plant density（ row and plant spacing） on chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of foxtail millet,taking Zhangzagu 5 as experiment meterial. The results showed that the level of nitrogen had significant effects on effective photochemical quantum yield（ Y（ Ⅱ））,coefficient of photochemical fluorescence quenching（ q P）,coefficient of non-photochemical fluorescence quenching（ q N） and maximum photochemical quantum yield（ Fv / Fm） of millet. And Y（ Ⅱ） and q P had a trend from rising to declining with nitrogen increasing. With nitrogen increasing q N decreased at first and then increased and Fv / Fm was promoted.The effects of phosphate level on Y（ Ⅱ） and q N were evident,which had a trend from rising to declining with phosphate increasing. The effects of potassium levels on Y（ Ⅱ） and q P were obvious. The row spacing had great effects on Y（ Ⅱ）,q P and q N. And Y（ Ⅱ） and q P had a trend from rising to declining,but q N was increased after decreasing with row spacing narrowing. The effects of plant spacing on all indexes were not significant. The interactions between the nitrogen level and potassium level showed significant effects on Y（ Ⅱ） and q P. The interaction effects of other factors on chlorophyll fluorescence kinteics parameters were not obvious. Multivariate quadratic regression analysis revealed a relationship between these factors and all index of Zhangzagu 5,which could be used for crop production forecasts.