夏玉米产量及茎秆抗倒伏性状对不同肥料滴灌配施的响应

Yield and Stem Lodging Resistance Characteristics Response of Summer Maize to Combined Application of Different Fertilizers Through Drip Irrigation

为探索密植玉米群体茎秆质量改善,抗倒伏能力提高的技术途径和措施,大田滴灌条件下研究了不同肥料配施对夏玉米生长发育及与茎秆质量、抗倒伏相关的农学性状和力学性状的影响。试验设置5个肥料配施处理:仅施氮肥(N)、氮配施磷肥(N+P)、氮配施钾肥(N+K)、氮配施4种微肥(N+4M)、氮配施磷钾和4种微肥(N+P+K+4M),并以传统施肥方式(全部肥料一次性底施)为对照(CK)。结果表明,与传统施肥相比,滴灌配施钾肥显著增加了玉米干物质积累量和籽粒产量,各器官干物质积累分配模式也得以优化,同时控制株高和重心高度、缩短基部节间、增加基部节间的直径、干质量从而使单位长度干质量显著增加。玉米茎秆的抗弯曲力、穿刺强度、机械强度以及抗倒伏指数与株高、重心高度和基部节间长呈负相关或(极)显著负相关,而与植株干鲜质量以及基部节间直径、干质量和单位长度干质量呈正相关或(极)显著正相关。滴灌条件下不同肥料配施玉米茎秆的抗弯曲力、穿刺强度、机械强度显著以及抗倒伏指数都高于或者显著高于传统施肥方式,尤其是配施钾肥处理效果最为明显,这可为该地区玉米密植抗倒高产提供理论依据。

In order to explore effective measures to improve maize stem quality and strengthen lodging resistance capability,the effects of drip fertigation on stem quality and lodging resistance characteristics of summer maize were evaluated under field condition in the North China Plain. The experiment consisted of a traditional fertilization way and five drip fertigation treatments,which were only N-fertilizer（ N）,N combination with phosphorus（ N ＋ P）,N combination with potassium（ N ＋ K）,N combination with four micro-elements（ N ＋ 4M）,N combination with P,K and four micro-elements（ N ＋ P ＋ K ＋ 4M）. The results showed that in comparison with conventional fertilization,drip fertigation,especially combined application with K,significantly increased grain yield and dry matter accumulation of the whole plant and the allocation pattern of dry matter in different organs was also optimized. The bending resistance,puncture resistance,mechanical strength and lodging resistance index of corn stalk were negatively correlated or significantly negatively correlated with plant height,height of gravity center and the length of basal internodes,and positively correlated or significantly positively correlated with plant weight,as well as the diameter,dryweight and dry weight per unit length of the basal internodes. Compared with traditional fertilization（ CK） and N ＋P,N ＋ 4M under drip fertigation,N combined with K significantly enhanced some mechanical properties related to lodging resistance by lowering the height of gravity center and internode length,meanwhile,increasing diameter and dry weight per unit length of basal internodes. In conclusion,stem quality of maize was improved significantly,and the lodging resistance capability was also strengthened obviously by combined application with K under drip fertigation condition. And this could be a helpful reference to how to achieve higher yield under higher planting density of maize in this region.