农民类型、非农就业与农业后继者培养述评

Review on farmer typology, non-farm employment and agricultural successors training

从农民类型、农民的非农就业趋势以及农业后继者培养三个维度入手,对国内外相关研究成果进行归纳和总结。伴随着各国农业生产经营形式的显著改变,农民的类型也表现出逐渐向多元化衍生的趋势;农民不断地向非农就业转移是工业化进程中各国的共同经验,但因国情差别,不同国家农民非农就业的趋势性特征也表现出较强的个体差异;农业劳动者中年轻人不断减少而中老年人比例不断提高的现象在各国都比较普遍,如何培养农业后继者队伍是世界各国尤其是广大发展中国家当前所面临的共同难题。

From three dimensions of farmer typology, non-agricultural employment and cultivation of agricultural successors, we summarized and summed up many of domestic and foreign research literatures. Along with the significant change in the form of agricultural production and operation, the type of farmers also gradually show a trend towards diversification; Farmers＇ transfer to non-agricultural employment is a common experience in the process of industrialization, because of the difference among countries, the state of the farmers＇ employment trend in different countries also showed great differences; the number of young agricultural laborers is decreasing and the proportion of elderly agricultural laborers is rising, which is a common phenomenon in many countries, thus, how to cultivate agricultural successors team is one of the common problems in the world, particularly in the developing countries.