煤矿工人违章操作的“认知-行为”失效机理与管理措施

Research on coal miners' operating against safety regulation: "cognition-behavior" failure mechanism and control measures

违章操作是引起绝大多数安全事故的直接原因,为减少煤矿工人违章操作,需弄清其原因。首先,通过文献研究,基于计划行为理论(TPB)和事故致因"2-4"模型,界定违章操作的定义和范围;其次,分析违章操作产生的认知过程,构建认知-行为理论模型;最后,分析应对行为思考环节失效的原因。以瓦斯爆炸事故为例,分析煤矿工人的违章操作过程,对认知原因进行检验。结果表明,煤矿工人发生违章操作主要与个人安全认知水平有关,应对思考环节失效是导致其违章操作的最主要原因。针对这一原因,提出瓦斯爆炸事故违章操作的管理措施。

Operating against safety regulations are direct causes of majority of the accidents. In order to reduce some coal miner＇s violation operation causes of them should be identified. Firstly,on the basis of theory of planned behavior（ TPB） and accident causation ＂ 2-4 ＂ model,a definition was given for the operating against safety regulations. Secondly,the cognitive process was analyzed for operating against safety regulations. A cognition-behavior theoretical model was built. Finally,the causes of failure at the cognitive stage of considering a coping behavior were identified,coal miner＇s operating against safety regulations were analyzed for 201 gas explosion accidents and the cognitive causes were identified. The results indicate that coal miner＇s operating against safety regulations is related to their safety cognition,and failure at the cognitive stage of considering a coping behavior is recognized as the most primary cause of operating against safety regulations. Furthermore,control measures were proposed for eliminating operating against safety regulations to prevent gas explosion accidents.