晚清至民国洞庭湖区水利纠纷及其解决途径

The Irrigation Disputes and Its Solutions in Dong-ting Lake Area from Late Qing Dynasty to Republic of China

晚清至民国洞庭湖区水利冲突层出不穷,所争者小到"挂角"、"挖压"、"钉头"、间堤、堤费之事,大到河道治理、江湖关系。它们呈现出纠纷时间长、影响区域广、涉及行业多、参与人群众与诉讼层级高等特征。究其缘由,则是生态变迁、以邻为壑、政府失职、治理分歧等多种因素所使然。面对纷繁芜杂的水利纠纷,湖区社会曾长期在械斗、调解与诉讼中徘徊不前,而近代水利科技的引进则为其化解水利危机提供了新路径,为湖区社会构建更为有效的水利纠纷解决机制创造了条件,并昭示出中国传统社会水利发展的基本方向。

The irrigation disputes in Dong-ting Lake area emerged in endlessly from late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China. People＇s fights were small to ＂gua-jiao＂, ＂wa-ya＂, ＂ding-tou＂, Barrier between, dyke＇s fee, and big to river regulations, the relation of The Yangtze River and Dong-ting Lake. They showed the characteristics of the time that is long, wide area of influence, involving industry, participants in the crowd and litigation level higher. We investigated its reason which was because of the ecological changes, beggar-they-neighbor, government dereliction of duty, concept differences and other factors. In the face of the complex irrigation disputes, the lake area society had long been a faltering in duels, mediation and litigation. While the introduction of modern water conservancy science and technology provided a new path for it to dissolve the water crisis, it created conditions for the lake district society to build more effective settlement mechanism of irrigation disputes, and it revealed the basic developing trend of Chinese traditional social water conservancy.