体育与身体秩序的养成:卢梭体育思想探寻

Relation between Physical Activity and Body Order Cultivation: Exploration on Rousseau's Physical Activity Thought

卢梭在《爱弥儿》中系统阐述了其基于自然秩序而建立身体秩序的体育思想。身体秩序表现为身体的童年与身体的成年、身体的物质与身体的精神、身体的能力与身体的欲望等三个维度;体育的作用便是在生活世界中,依据自然定则,协调与发展好三者的关系,最终发展出契合自然秩序的身体秩序;身体秩序的建立是基于自在的自然定则——自在体育,身体秩序的建立表现出对可能生活的适应性——自适体育,身体秩序的建立所追求的是身体的自由——自由体育;身体秩序的建立所隐含的是身体自由行动能力的孕育,而这又是人实现自由的必需身体条件。

Rousseau elaborated his thought on physical activity in his Emile, which insists on that body order cultivation should be based on the nature order. There are three dimensions in body order, which include the body in childhood and the body in adult, the body in material and the body in spirit, the ability from body and the desire from body. The function of physical activity is to coordinate and develop the relation among these three dimensions according to nature rules in the life world to foster the body order which conforms to nature order. The foundation of body order is based on free physical activity which comes from the free orders in nature, and it reflects the self-adaptation physical activity which comes from the adaptation for possible life, and seek the free physical activity which comes from the freedom of body. In a word, the foundation of body order reflects the breed of the freedom of body, which is the necessary body condition for human being to get real freedom.