乙炔氢氯化制氯乙烯无汞催化剂研究进展

Developments in nonmercuric catalysts for hydrochlorination of acetylene to vinyl chloride

氯乙烯是重要的化工原料,乙炔氢氯化是制取氯乙烯主要方法之一,工业上普遍采用汞催化剂,对环境污染严重,且危害人体健康。对汞资源的过度消耗和依赖是聚氯乙烯行业发展面临的巨大障碍,开发无毒环保的非汞催化剂已成为首要解决的问题。综述近年来乙炔氢氯化无汞催化剂的研究现状,主要包括以Au为代表的贵金属催化剂、以Cu、Sn和Ni等为代表的非贵金属催化剂以及以新兴的C-N材料为代表的非金属催化剂。Au用作催化剂价格昂贵,不利于工业化应用。碳氮材料具有较大的比表面积,对氯化氢具有优异的吸附性能,用于乙炔氢氯化反应具有较高活性,并具有较大的工业应用潜力,以碳氮材料为代表的非金属催化剂成为新的研究热点。

Vinyl chloride is a kind of important chemical raw material. The hydrochlorination of acetylene is one of the major methods of vinyl chloride production. However, mercuric catalysts used in the process of acetylene hydroehlorination cause serious environmental pollution and endanger human being health. The excessive dependence and consumption of mercury resources is a huge obstacle, which the PVC industry has to face. Therefore, the development of non-toxic and environmental friendly nonmercurie catalysts has become the primary problem to be solved. The research status of nonmercuric catalysts for acetylene hydrochlorination was reviewed, mainly including noble metal catalysts represented by gold, non-noble metal catalysts such as Cu, Sn and Ni, and novel nonmetallic catalysts represented by C-N materials. Gold used as the catalyst was expensive, which was not conducive to industrial application. The C-N materials with high specific surface area had excellent adsorption performance for hydrogen chloride. Therefore, C-N materials used as the catalysts for hydroehlorination of acetylene to vinyl chloride possessed high activity,which had great potential in commercial application. Nonmetallic catalysts represented by C-N materials became a new research hotspot.