施氮量对冬马铃薯生长发育、产量及品质的影响

Effects of Nitrogen Application Rates on Growth,Yield and Quality of Winter Potato

为确定冬马铃薯的合理施氮量,采用田间试验,研究施氮量(0、80、160、240 kg/hm^2)对马铃薯费乌瑞它出苗率、干物质积累、产量及品质的影响。结果表明,随着施氮量增加,马铃薯出苗率总体降低;在块茎膨大期至收获期,马铃薯茎干物质积累量先升高后降低,以施氮160 kg/hm^2处理最高,马铃薯叶、块茎及总干物质积累量升高,均以施氮240 kg/hm^2处理最高;马铃薯商品薯比率、商品薯产量及鲜薯产量均总体提高,以施氮240 kg/hm^2处理最高,其中鲜薯产量较不施氮肥处理提高51.28%,施氮160 kg/hm^2处理次之,两者差异不显著;马铃薯可溶性糖含量、粗蛋白含量、粗蛋白产量、淀粉产量均升高,以施氮240 kg/hm^2处理最高,施氮160 kg/hm^2处理次之,两者差异不显著(粗蛋白产量除外)。综上,费乌瑞它适宜施氮量为160 kg/hm^2。

In order to determine reasonable nitrogen application rate for winter potato,a field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of nitrogen application rate（ 0,80,160,240 kg/ha） on the emergence ratio,dry matter accumulation,yield and quality of potato cultivar Favorite. The results showed that with the increase of nitrogen application rate,the seedling emergence ratio decreased; the dry matter accumulation of stalk first increased and then decreased,and reached the peak value when the nitrogen application rate was 160 kg/ha applied during tuber expanding stage to harvest stage; the dry matter accumulation of leaves,tuber and total amount increased,and reached the peak value when the nitrogen application rate was 240 kg/ha during tuber expanding stage to harvest stage; the commodity tuber ratio,commodity tuber yield and fresh tuber yield increased,and reached the peak value when the nitrogen application rate was 240 kg/ha,the treatment with nitrogen of 160 kg/ha was lower in order,and the fresh tuber yield of treatment with nitrogen of 240 kg/ha increased by 51. 28% compared with the treatment without nitrogen fertilizer; the soluble sugar content,crude protein content,crude protein yield and starch yield of tuber increased,and reached the peak value when the nitrogen application rate was 240 kg/ha,followed by the treatment with nitrogen of 160 kg/ha. However,the yield traits and main quality traits of potato were not significantly different between the treatment with the nitrogen application rate of 160 kg/ha and the treatment with the nitrogen application rate of 240 kg/ha. Therefore,the optimum application rate of nitrogen for winter potato was 160 kg/ha in the present study.