贵州112份引进大豆资源的遗传多态性

Genetic Diversity of 112 Introduced Soybean Germplasm Resources in Guizhou

为了解贵州引进大豆种质资源的多样性,发掘优异基因,加速大豆新品种选育进程和推动大豆产业的快速发展,通过计算变异系数、多样性指数和聚类分析,对贵州112份引进大豆资源的多样性进行评价。结果表明：贵州112份引进大豆资源具有丰富的表型多样性,种皮色、脐色、籽粒形状、花色、茸毛色、株型、叶形、荚熟色、生育习性、结荚习性和荚形11个质量性状均表现出不同程度的变异,多样性指数在0~1.43,平均为0.80,以生育习性最低、荚熟色最高。株高、荚长、单株有效荚数、主茎节数、有效分枝数、百粒重和成熟期7个数量性状也表现出较大的变异,变异系数在12.02%~38.31%,平均为21.86%,以主茎节数最小、有效分枝数最大;多样性指数在1.75~2.08,平均为2.0,以主茎节数最高、荚长最低。18个性状中,以主茎节数的多样性指数最高,达2.08;生育习性最小,为0;数量性状的多样性指数远大于质量性状的多样性指数。112份引进大豆资源聚类为4组,第Ⅰ组有3份,第Ⅱ组只有1份,第Ⅲ组有62份,第Ⅳ组有46份。贵州112份引进大豆资源具有丰富的多态性和较高的遗传多样性。

In order to understand the diversity of 112 introduced soybean germplasm resources in Guizhou,and to explore the excellent genes,accelerate the breeding process of new soybean variety and promote the rapid development of soybean industry,phenotypic diversity of these resources based on 18 main agronomic traits was analyzed by calculating variation coefficient,diversity index and cluster analysis.Results：There was rich phenotypic diversity of these resources.In 11 quality characteristics such as seed coat color,hilum color,seed shape,flower color,fuzz color,plant type,leaf shape,mature pod color,growth habit,pod habit and pod shape,it showed different degrees of variation,the genetic diversity index（DI）ranged from 0to 1.43 with an average of 0.8.The smallest and the largest DI values were observed in growth habit and mature pods color,respectively.In 7quantitative characteristics as follows plant height,pod length,pods per plant,nodes of main stem,plant branches,100 seeds weight and mature stage,a large variation was also observed.The average coefficient of variation（CV）was 21.86%,ranging from 12.02%to 38.31%,of which the traits of nodes of main stem and effective plant branches had the highest and the lowest value.The average diversity index was 2.0,ranging from 1.75 to 2.08,and DI of the nodes of main stem was the highest and DI of pods length was the lowest.According to the analysis results of 18 traits,the diversity index of quantitative characteristics was higher than that of quality characteristics,with the larges value 2.08 of nodes of main stem and the lowest value 0of growth habit.These 112 resources could be divided into four groups by cluster analysis.GroupⅠhad three materials,groupⅡ had only 1material,group Ⅲ had 62 materials and group Ⅳ had 46 materials.These112introduced soybean resources showed very rich polymorphisms and high genetic diversity,in Guizhou Province.