贵州省4个地方茶树品种的根际土壤质量评价

Rhizosphere Soil Quality of Four Local Tea Varieties in Guizhou

为了解贵州省4个地方茶树品种根际土壤质量状况和差异,为地方茶树品种科学施肥提供指导,对贵州4个具有代表性的地方茶树品种（湄潭苔茶群体种、石阡苔茶群体种、都匀毛尖群体种、贵定鸟王群体种）根际土壤进行调查取样,共计检测37个土样,分析了土壤pH、有机质、水解氮、有效钾、有效磷5个因子含量情况。结果表明：4个地方茶树品种根际土壤pH值集中在4.56~5.18,达到优质高效高产茶园土壤pH标准的比率在60%以上,湄潭苔茶群体种pH变异系数最大（13.15%）;土壤营养因子中,4个地方种根际土壤有机质、水解氮、有效磷、有效钾的范围分别为21.82~63.00g/kg、81.30~460.69 mg/kg、55.27~233.47mg/kg和0.52~70.25mg/kg,有机质以都匀毛尖群体种变异系数最大（34.09%）,其他3个营养因子均以湄潭苔茶群体种变异系数最大（48.46%,122.82%和36.55%）;4个地方茶树品种根际土壤有机质含量均达到优质高效高产茶园土壤标准,水解氮、有效钾达到优质高效高产茶园土壤标准的比例较高（除湄潭苔茶群体种速效钾达标率为40%外,其他均在60%以上）,有效磷达到优质高效高产茶园土壤标准的比例较低,都在33.3%以下。结论：贵州4个地方种根际土壤养分总体状况良好,主要养分含量范围在丰富和适宜间（Ⅰ~Ⅳ级）,但有效磷含量普遍不足,以都匀毛尖群体种最为严重,湄潭苔茶群体种次之。

The pH and organic matter,available nitrogen,available potassium and available phosphorus content of 37 rhizosphere soil samples from four local tea varieties（Meitantaicha,Shiqiqntaicha,Duyunmaojian and Guiding niaowang）were determined to discuss the status and difference of rhizosphere soil quality among four local tea varieties and provide a reference for scientific fertilization of local tea varieties in Guizhou.Results：The rhizosphere soil pH of four local tea varieties is 4.56~5.18,which reaches above 60% of pH standard ratio for soil of high-quality,high-efficiency and high-yield tea plantation.The soil pH variation coefficient of Meitantaicha is the maximum（13.15%）.The organic matter,available nitrogen,available potassium and available phosphorus content in rhizosphere soils of four local tea varieties is 21.82~63.00g/kg,81.30~460.69mg/kg,55.27~233.47mg/kg and 0.52~70.25 mg/kg respectively.The variation coefficient of Duyunmaojian is the highest（34.09%）in soil organic matter content and the variation coefficients of Meitantaicha in soil available nitrogen,available potassium and available phosphorus content reach 48.46%,122.82% and 36.55% separately.The soil organic matter content of four local tea varieties all meets the standard of high-quality,high-efficiency and high-yield tea plantation.The proportion of soil available nitrogen and available potassium content with the standard of high-quality,high-efficiency and high-yield tea plantation is higher（above 60%except for 40%available potassium of Meitantaicha）.The proportion of soil available phosphorus content with the standard of high-quality,high-efficiency and high-yield tea plantation is below 33.3%.In conclusion,the soil nutrients status of four local tea varieties is a good condition overall.The soil organic matter,available nitrogen and available potassium content of four local tea varieties reachesⅠ~Ⅳ grade.The soil available phosphorus content of four local tea varieties is insufficient generally and Duyunmaojian is most severe,followed by Meitantaicha.