收入不平等约束下地区全要素生产率增长再估算

Re-estimation of China's Regional Total Factor Productivity Growth under Income Inequality Constraints

基于已有文献在研究全要素生产率时仅考虑资源环境约束而忽略社会环境约束的现状,论文考虑收入不平等约束,利用方向性距离函数测算中国27个省(区、市)1997年—2012年的环境技术效率值与Malmquist-Luenberger(ML)指数及其分解。为了与不考虑收入不平等约束的情况进行比较,同时测算了Malmquist(M)指数及其分解。发现收入不平等约束普遍存在,并且中西部地区比东部地区更为严重。若不考虑收入不平等约束,则会高估地区全要素生产率增长。2007年是全要素生产率增长的转折点,其后效率进步替代技术进步成为经济持续增长的主要动力;但短期看来效果不佳,全要素生产率有退步的风险。

As there is the ignorance of social environment constraints in the literature of total factor productivity,this article considers income inequality constraints,and using the directional distance function to calculate the environmental efficiency and Malmquist-Luenberger（ ML） productivity index. In order to make a comparison with the situation that does not consider the income inequality constraints,the Malmquist（ M） index is also estimated. It is found that income inequality constraints are widespread,and the circumstances in the central and western region are more serious than the eastern region. Excluding income inequality constraints,the growth of total factor productivity will be overestimated in all regions. The year of 2007 is a turning point of the growth of total factor productivity,since then the efficiency improvement has become the main driving force for economic growth instead of technical progress. Unfortunately,there is not significant effect in short term,the total factor productivity has been in risk of decline.