珠海市居民膳食模式及其影响因素研究

The Dietary Pattern and the Influence Factors Study in Zhuhai

目的了解珠海市居民膳食模式及其影响因素,为指导居民合理膳食、制定针对性的营养改善政策提供科学依据。方法根据人口比例概率,采用多阶段整群随机抽样方法以家庭抽样为单位进行入户调查,以询问调查和膳食调查方法结合家庭食物称重法获取膳食信息并建立数据库,运用SPSS 18.0进行统计分析。结果完成膳食调查共540户,共计1 653人。因子分析结果显示,居民的膳食模式主要包括以肉类为主、以水果和奶类为主、以谷类为主和以蔬菜及鱼虾为主的4种。多因素Logistic回归对影响膳食模式的因素分析显示：男性人群膳食模式以肉类及谷类为主,女性人群以水果和奶类及蔬菜和鱼虾为主;2～12岁居民、大专及以上文化程度、离退休人员与技术人员、家庭年收入4万元以上的人群以水果和奶类为主;18～60岁居民、学生和公务员、家庭年收入3万元以下的人群以肉类为主;城市居民以肉类及蔬菜和鱼虾为主;农村居民、小学及以下文化程度、家庭年收入小于1万元的人群以谷类为主。结论珠海市居民膳食模式与传统谷类模式有所变化,呈现多样化并受性别、年龄、居住地、文化程度、职业和家庭经济收入等诸多因素影响,应根据居民膳食模式及其影响因素制定更能满足营养合理需求的有效措施。

Objectives To study the food model for people of all ages in Zhuhai for guiding the rational diet of residents and providing a scientific guidelines to the corresponding policies of nutrition health.Methods The multistage cluster random sampling method was used for the dietary information and database establishment.SPSS 18.0statistical software was used for analysis.Results A total of 540 households and 1 653 residents were investigated.The study found that there were four kinds of dietary patterns：the hybrid dietary patterns with meat and vegetables model,fruit and milk model,food grains model,vegetables and fish model.The multivariable logistic regression showed：men tend to choose the meat model and food grains model,while the fruit and milk model and vegetables and fish model were common in the women.The meat model was common in the age group between 18～60years,the students,civil servants and staff,and household income was less than 30 000 Yuan/year.The fruit and milk model was common in the group of 2～12years old,the college education and above,the retirees and technical operators,and household income more than 40 000Yuan/year.The food grains model was common in the group of the illiterate,the farmers,and household income less than 10 000 or 30 000 to 40 000Yuan/year.Urban residents tend to choose the meat model and vegetables and fish model.Conclusions Dietary pattern varies from the traditional corn dietary patterns with diversity.We should make a targeted health nutrition policy according to dietary nutrition status.