从“视点”到“识解”——“自我隐含”的语言学与诗学

From "Viewpoint" to "Construal" : Linguistics and the Poetics of "Ego as Zero"

本文关注"视点"一词的模糊性,并着手梳理这一概念在何种对立面中能够得以把握。在此基础之上,提出如下观点:"视点"名下所探讨的各种问题,均应作为认知语言学中称为"识解"(construal)的说话者认知行为的一个侧面加以整合与理解。本文立足于这一观点,关注并探讨诸语言中所观察到的相对性特征,即"主观性(主客合一型)把握"与"客观性(主客对立型)把握"这两种偏好之间令人深思但却仍未受到足够关注的对立性等问题。

The term ＂shiten＂（viewpoint） is used in a number of related but different senses. These senses are first shown to be arranged along three contrastive semantic axes. It is then argued that the various uses of the term ＂shiten＂ can now be better and more profitably subsumed under the notion of ＂construal＂（jitaihaaku） in cognitive linguistics. On this basis, the contrast between ＂subjective（i.e. subject- object- merger type of） construal＂ and ＂objective（i.e. subject- object- opposition type of）construal＂, the preference between which vacillates across languages, is taken up and discussed.