“翻译度”与缺陷翻译及译文老化——以张我军译夏目漱石《文学论》为例

"Translation-degree" with Deficient Translation and Translation Obsolescence——A Case Study of Natume Souseki's On Literature Translated by Zhang Wojun

在翻译研究中,特别是在以译文研究为中心的"译文学"的研究中,"译本老化"是一个必须正视的现象,同时也是"译文学"建构中值得阐述的理论问题之一。就此而言,1931年出版的张我军译夏目漱石著《文学论》是一个可供解剖分析的典型文本。张译存在着不少误译甚至漏译,但最主要的还是由缺乏"翻译度"的"机械迻译"方法所造成的诸多"缺陷翻译",加上语言本身的发展变迁,致使许多表述与表达已经与今天高度成熟的现代汉语有了相当距离,今人读之会觉得滞涩不畅,恍如隔代,这就是该译本老化的表征。对张我军译文与日文原文加以比照,并与新译文加以对比分析,可以了解误译尤其是缺陷翻译的形成机理,见出现代中国文学理论著作翻译的发展演变以及现代汉语理论语言的艰辛的形成过程。

In translation studies, especially in the study of ＂literary translation＂ centering on textual research, we must face the fact of translation obsolescence, which is also one of the worthwhile theoretical problems to elaborate on in the formation of ＂literary translation＂. In this regard, Zhang Wojun＇s translation of Natsume Souseki＇s On Literature, published in 1931, is a typical text for analysis. In Zhang＇s translation, there are a number of errors and even omissions, but most problems arise from deficient translations. The lack of a ＂translation-degree＂ leads to inflexible transliteration, which is the overriding factor of the deficiency in translation. What＇s more, with the development of language itself, expressions of that time differ considerably from today＇s highly sophisticated modern Chinese. It feels stuffy while reading the translated text, as if reading an old ancient story, which is exactly the feature of an obsolete translation. Therefore, comparing Zhang Wojun＇s translation with its original text in Japanese, as well as the new version, we can see the formative causes of mistranslation, especially the causes of deficient translation. Meanwhile, we can see the developing process of the translation of literary theory at work in modern China and the tough forming course of modern Chinese theoretical language.