福柯与电影的记忆治理

Foucault and Damnatio Memoriae: An Introduction to the Mnemo-Government of Cinema

本文主要考察了福柯与电影有关的文献,福柯把电影视为对"大众记忆"进行编码的"装置",十九世纪的工人阶级创造了许多书写自身回忆的方式,而电影则通过畅销的历史叙事终结了底层人总结和书写自身回忆的历史。福柯通过1970年代引发争议的怀旧片和情色片,分析电影如何在历史叙述中处理欲望与权力的关系。本文把这种"大众记忆装置"理论与福柯晚期提出"生命政治"结合起来,认为记忆也是生命治理的对象,"记忆治理"是生命政治的一部分,而电影(图像)则是"记忆治理"的首要对象。"记忆治理"的历史可以追溯到古罗马时期的"除忆诅咒",电影时代以图像为对象的"记忆治理"主要有"奥威尔式"和"斯大林式"两种形式,但电影会创造各种形式反抗"记忆治理"。

Foucault published several interviews and articles about cinema in 1970 s,and he took the cinema as one of the dispositifs codifying the popular memory. The working class in 19 thcentury invented many ways to write their own memory,but the cinema,by way of popular historical narration,ended the history of the people from the lower depths to write their memory.Foucault analyzed how the controversial（ retro and erotic） films in 1970 s represented desire and power in historical narration.This paper tries to combine Foucault＇s＂dispositif of popular memory＂with the biopolitics,and claims that the memory is also the object of biopolitics and the mnemo-government is part of biopolitic government. The mnemo-government can be traced back to the damnatio memoriae in Roman times,and there are two important forms of mnemo-government in the time of cinema according cognitive science： Orwellian government and Stalinesque government. After all,the cinematic art can invent many ways to resist the mnemo-government.