同位素水文学的若干回顾与展望

Review and prospect of isotope hydrology

从降水径流、非饱和带水分运移、地下水来源及年龄测定、古洪水研究等方面回顾了同位素水文学研究的现状,认为同位素示踪技术可以从更微观的角度研究径流形成、流域汇流过程中的水分转换关系等;概述了河海大学近年来在同位素水文学研究方面的相关进展,指出其研究主要包括同位素水文数学模型、平原区同位素径流组分划分试验、同位素在地下水中的应用、"引江济太"水量分配、流域氮源示踪等方面。在综述同位素水文学研究进展基础上,对当前同位素水文学研究存在的问题进行了分析,并对同位素方法在水文学中的应用前景进行了展望。

A systematic review was conducted of isotope hydrology, focusing on the relationship between precipitation and runoff,soil moisture movement in the unsaturated zone,and source identification and age determination of groundwater,as well as paleoflooding. It was found that isotope hydrology can describe the microscopic processes of water transformation during runoff formation and watershed flow concentration. The current research progress of isotope hydrology at Hohai University is summarized,including isotope hydrology mathematical models,experiments on partitioning of isotope runoff components in plain areas, application of isotopes in groundwater,water quantity distribution during the water diversion from the Yangtze River to Taihu Lake,and tracking of nitrogen sources in a watershed. Based on the review,present limitations of research on isotope hydrology are analyzed,and prospective future directions of research on application of isotope techniques in hydrology are described.