条子泥围垦工程对近海生态环境的影响

Effect of Tiaozini reclamation project on offshore ecological environment

以条子泥一期围垦为研究对象,通过对工程前后近海浮游植物、浮游动物、大型底栖动物及潮间带底栖生物进行取样调查,分析围垦前后的生态特性差异。结果表明:围垦后浮游植物群落种类及生物密度有所增加,且种类组成发生变化;垦区附近浮游动物种类增多,优势种发生变化;底栖生物种类数减少,仍以甲壳动物为主,相对于围垦前的均匀分布,围垦后仅在部分站位监测到;潮间带底栖生物种类减少,但仍以四角蛤蜊等经济贝类为主,生物密度和生物量变化较小。围垦改变生态环境中水动力、悬浮物、沉积物特性等多种环境因子,造成水生生物群落结构及多样性的变化。

Using the Tiaozini reclamation project as a case study,the offshore phytoplankton,zooplankton,macrobenthos,and intertidal benthos before and after reclamation were surveyed,and the variations of ecological characteristics were analyzed. The results show that phytoplankton species and biological density increased and species composition changed after reclamation; the number of zooplankton species near the reclamation area increased,and the dominant species changed; the number of benthic species decreased,with crustaceans being the main species,uniformly distributed at all monitoring stations before reclamation but only at some stations after reclamation; the number of intertidal benthos species decreased,but the dominant species were still shellfish with economic value,such as Mactra veneriformis; and the variations of biological density and biomass were small. It is concluded that reclamation changes a variety of environmental factors in the habitat,such as hydrodynamic conditions,suspended solids,and sediment characteristics,resulting in variations in biodiversity and community structure of aquatic organisms.