天津话研究述评

A Survey of the Studies of Tianjin Dialect

天津话属于冀鲁官话区保唐片天津小片地方语。1980年代以后,天津话研究总的发展趋势是:从以语音研究为主扩展到词汇和语法研究,语音从单音字研究向语流研究发展;词汇开始与文化研究结合,语法从综合性简介发展到专题研究;研究方法不断改进,新技术、新理论得到应用。但是天津方言研究内部各组成部分的研究上不平衡:语音研究比较深入,科学性较强,既有对语音现象的描写,也有对语音热点新理论的阐释,同时还有实验方法的介入;词汇方面的论著缺少国际音标的注音,考本字工作比较欠缺,因而科学性、严谨性大打折扣,质量有待提高;语法方面的研究还有待开拓;不管是对特色语法现象的挖掘,还是全面系统的描写,不管是范畴研究,还是比较研究,天津方言语法研究都需要努力;基于语言地理学、语言类型学以及认知语言学的天津方言语法研究等工作也都需要我们去努力。

Tianjin dialect belongs to the Tianjin subsect of Baoding-Tangshan section in the official language section of Hebei-Shandong region.After 1980 s,the general development trend of research on Tianjin dialect is：expanding research focus from phonetics to vocabulary and grammar;phonetic research moving from on single word to on connected speech;vocabulary study being combined with cultural studies;grammar study developing from comprehensive introduction to monographic study;research approaches improving gradually with the application of new technologies and theories.But studies on Tianjin dialect are unbalanced in its components.Phonetic research is relatively deep and scientific,both describing phonetic phenomena and interpreting new theories on hot spots in phonetics.Meanwhile,experimentations are also utilized.Works on vocabulary lack phonetic notation with international phonetic alphabets.The work on investigating original words is insufficient.Research in this regard is on the whole not scientific enough and lacks precision.The overall quality needs improving.The study of grammar has yet to be developed.More efforts are required in the exploration of characteristic grammatical phenomena,in a comprehensive and systematical description,in categorical studies and in comparative studies.More work needs to be done in the grammar research of Tianjin dialect on the basis of linguistic geography,linguistic typology,and cognitive linguistics.