氮肥与密度互作对胡麻产量及农艺性状的影响

Effects of Interaction between Nitrogen Fertilizer and Density on the Yield and Agronomic Traits of Flax

采用两因素随机区组田间试验设计,探讨了不同水平施氮量〔不施氮(0)、适氮(75 kg/hm2)和高氮(150 kg/hm2)〕与栽培密度(450万粒/hm2、750万粒/hm2和1 050万粒/hm2)互作对胡麻产量、农艺性状及品质的影响,并筛选了胡麻高产的适宜施氮量与密度组合。结果表明:不同的施氮水平和密度对胡麻农艺性状、产量和品质均有一定的影响,其中,高氮和适氮处理的胡麻分枝数、单株蒴果数和单株粒重均跃不施氮处理,同一施氮量条件下胡麻的株高、分枝数和单株蒴果数均随密度增大而逐渐降低;氮肥水平对产量有极显著影响,其中适氮与高氮处理间产量差异不显著但二者产量均显著跃不施氮处理,而密度以及氮肥伊密度对产量影响均不显著;随着施氮量的增加,胡麻含油率降低,但亚麻酸含量升高。本研究条件下,施氮量为150 kg/hm2、播种密度为1 050万粒/hm2时胡麻产量最高,达到了1 655.1 kg/hm2,但与该施氮量下密度为750万粒/hm2的处理以及施氮量75 kg/hm2下密度为450万和750万粒/hm2的处理产量差异均不显著。综合考虑种子和肥料的投入成本以及投入产出比,认为施氮量为75 kg/hm2、播种密度为450万粒/hm2时较为经济,该条件下胡麻产量可以达到1 523.4 kg/hm2。

The two factors randomized block field experiment was conducted to study the effect of nitrogen applied [no using N（0）,conventional N（75 kg/hm^2） and high N（150 kg/hm^2）] and cultivation density（4.5 million seeds/hm2,7.5 million seeds/hm2 and 10.5 million seeds/hm^2） on the yield,agronomic traits and quality of flax to determine the best combination of nitrogen fertilizer and density.The results showed that different nitrogen fertilizer and planting density had some effects on the yield,agronomic traits and quality of flax,among them,the number of branches,the number of capsules per plant and grain weight per plant under the high nitrogen and moderate nitrogen treatment were higher than that under the treatment of zero nitrogen application. Under the same nitrogen treatment,plant height,number of branches and the number of capsules per plant decreased with the increasing of the density.The nitrogen treatment had very significant effect on flax yield,among them,the yield difference between the high nitrogen and moderate nitrogen treatment was not significant, but the yield under which was extremely significantly higher than the one under zero nitrogen and the effect of moderate nitrogen treatment was extremely significantly higher than the one under zero nitrogen,while the effect of planting density and nitrogenfertilizer×planting density on yield were not significant, with the increasing of amount of nitrogenfertilizer, the content of flax oil decreased, butthe content of linolenic acid increased.When nitrogen was 150 kg/hm^2 and density was 10.5 million seeds/hm^2, the yield reached the highest whichwas 1 655.1 kg/hm^2,it had no significant difference with the yield under the same nitrogen and 7.5 million seeds/hm^2 treatment,in the same time,which had no significant difference with the yield under 4.5 and7.5 million seeds/hm^2 treatment of 75 kg/hm^2 nitrogen.Considering the input costs of seeds,fertilizer and the ratio of input and output,the economics scheme,when planting density was 4.5 million seeds/hm^2 andnitrogen application amount was 75 kg/hm^2,the yield could reach 1 523.4 kg/hm^2 in this research.