不同播期对辣椒病毒病和产量的影响

Effects of Different Sowing Date on Virus Disease and Yield of Pepper

为了掌握不同播期下的辣椒病毒病的发病状况和产量,明确唐山地区露地辣椒栽培的适宜播种时间,2013年对辣椒播期设3月20日、4月5日、4月20日、5月5日、5月20日和6月5日6个处理,研究了不同播期对辣椒生育期、病毒病、株高、结果和产量的影响。结果表明：3月20日和4月5日播种的辣椒,病毒病始发叶龄大,病株率和病情指数小;株高较矮,抗倒伏能力强;产量显著跃其他播期处理。随着播种期的推迟,辣椒出苗以及从出苗至开花和成熟所需的时间、辣椒病毒病始叶龄、成熟果率以及产量均逐渐减少,株高、成熟期病毒病病株率和病情指数均呈增加趋势。5月20日及其以后播种的辣椒播期晚,苗龄小易感病,生长后期发病严重;植株有效生长期短,果实始熟期晚,成果率低,影响产量。综合分析病毒病发病情况和产量2个要素,认为在唐山地区辣椒的适宜播种期为3月20日~4月20日。但考虑到3月20日播种的辣椒出苗历期长,如遇低温,易导致辣椒发芽停滞或烂苗,影响出苗率,故认为生产上辣椒的最佳播种时间为4月5日左右,最晚不迟于5月5日。

In order to detect the effect of different sowing dates on pepper virus disease severity and the yield,to explore the best sowing date for pepper of uncovered farmland,the effect of six sowing date（March 20,April 5,April 20,May 5,May 20 and June 5） on growth period,virus disease,plant height and yield of pepper was studied in 2013.The results showed that the pepper sowed in March 20 and April 5 with smaller virus disease rate and index,stronger lodging ability,highest yield.The sowing date was later,the disease index was higher,and the yield was lower.The pepper with serious disease,shorter effective growth period and lower yield when sowed in and after May 20.We considered the two factors of virus disease and yield and suggested that suitable sowing date was from March 20 to April 20.While the seedling emergence rate of pepper sowed in March 20 is susceptible to low temperature,therefKoree,y wino rpdrsoduction the best sowing date of pepper is about April 5,and the latest is not after May 5.