我国国有企业规模与研发强度相关性研究

Observations on the Correlation between State-owned Enterprises' Scale and Innovation Intensity

我国国有企业大多处于关系国家安全和国民经济命脉的重要行业和关键领域,担负着提高自主创新能力、建设创新型国家的重任。本文整理2013年中央企业上市公司及子公司微观数据,运用分位数回归模型,分别使用不同企业规模衡量指标,着重研究国有企业研发强度与企业规模之间的关系,从而为探索国有企业创新规律,提高国有企业创新能力和创新效率提供理论依据。实证结果表明,企业资产总额和研发强度没有必然联系,而企业人员总数和研发强度在各分位点上均呈现负相关关系,企业销售额在低分位点上和研发强度呈正相关关系,在中分位点和高分位点上均呈负相关关系。因此总体来看,我国中央企业上市公司及子公司规模与研发强度之间大致呈负相关关系,企业规模的扩大对研发投入具有挤出效应,高技术企业尤为明显。将国有企业规模控制在合理水平,使企业规模与研发需求相适应,有利于促进企业提高研发强度。

In China,most of the state-owned enterprises bear heavily on national economy and security,and they are supposed to innovate independently and play a key role in the national innovation initiative.This paper extracts data from the listed companies and subsidiaries of centrally administered SOEs in 2013 and overcomes the limitation of ordinary least squares method.We use quantile regression model and different enterprise scale indicators to study the correlation between state-owned enterprises＇ scale and innovation intensity.We aim to provide theoretical support for exploring innovation pattern of state-owned enterprises and enhancing China＇s independent innovation capacity and innovation efficiency.Our empirical results have the following implications：（1）There is no inevitable links between innovation intensity and total assets;（2）A negative correlation is found between the staff size and innovation intensity among every quantile;（3）There is a positive correlation in low quantiles but a negative correlation in middle and high-quantiles between gross sales and innovation intensity.Therefore,we conclude that there is a negative link between innovation intensity and enterprises＇ scale of the listed companies and subsidiaries of centrally administered SOEs.The expansion of business scale has a ‘crowding out＇effect on RD investment,especially in high-tech enterprises.Enterprise innovation intensity can be enhanced by controlling the state-owned enterprises at a reasonable level and keeping enterprise size in line with RD needs.