“兴会”释义及其在清代的发展

An Analysis of “Xing Hui” and its Development in Qing Dynasty

"兴会"是中国诗学的重要概念,是包括两种心理活动的一个过程,先"兴"后"会"。"兴"即感物动情,不可遏止,稍纵即逝;"会"兼具会合与领会之意,悄然进行。在"兴"、"会"组合形成的诗学意义中,"会"的作用不可忽视。"兴"使得繁杂而难以名状的情感激烈涌现,而"会"指在此之后人们经历的某种选择、融合与领悟。故而,"兴会"并非完全被动的状态。"兴会"一词在清代成为较为普遍的诗学术语,其理论内涵较早期有所扩充,主要表现为三个方面:一是作为区别诗与文的标志之一,二是作为一种高水平的诗境备受推崇,与"自然"风格相关,三是与学问积累关系密切。

＂Xing Hui＂ is an important concept in Chinese poetry, it is a process with two psychological activities. ＂Xing＂ comes before ＂Hui＂, ＂Xing＂ refers to attachment and emotions unstappably and transiently. ＂Hui＂ means congregation and comprehension, they are underway silently. In the poetic meaning combined with both ＂Xing＂ and ＂Hui＂, the function of ＂Hui＂ is assignable. ＂Xing＂ makes the complicated and indescribable emotions come to life, whereas ＂Hui＂ refers to people＇s choices, congregation and enlightenment afterwards. Therefore, ＂Xing Hui＂ is not completely a passive form. This word was a common poetic term in Qing dynasty, compared with the early stages, its theoretical connotation has been extended and supplemented, which can be seen from the following three aspects： first, a symbol of differing poetry and essays; second, an respectwinning and high-leveled poetic realm, related with the ＂natural＂ style, and third, the close relations with knowledge and experience.