摘要
在制定田径运动员力量—爆发力训练方案前,首先需要理解训练原则与训练理论。训练原则包括超负荷原则、多样性原则及专项性原则。其中每个原则都应纳入适当的训练体系中。从概念上讲,训练分期围绕训练原则,并为训练计划和方案提供有利条件,使之能够允许训练变量(如训练方法选择、训练强度和训练量)的逻辑整合和控制。运动员的适应和发展与教练员能否制定高效训练方案的能力密不可分。该能力包括:对运动如何影响生理适应和运动表现的理解(例如最大力量、力量发展和爆发力等);如何优化训练效果,确保训练能使运动潜能最大化地转变为运动表现;以及如何在适当水平(宏观、中观、微观)的变化下实施训练中的疲劳管理和运动表现的优化。
Planning training programs for strength-power track and field athletes require an understanding of both training principles and training theory. The training principles are overload, variation, and specificity. Each of these principles must be incorporated into an appropriate system of training. Conceptually, periodization embraces training principles and offers advantages in planning, allowing for logical integration and manipulation of training variables such as exercise selection, intensification, and volume factors. The adaptation and progress of the athlete is to a large extent directly related to the ability of the coach/athlete to create and carry an efficient and efficacious training process. This ability includes： an understanding of how exercises affect physiological and performance adaptation （i.e., maximum force, rate of force development, power, etc.）, how to optimize transfer of training effect ensuring that training exercises have maximum potential for carryover to performance, and how to implement programs with variations at appropriate levels （macro, meso, and micro） such that fatigue management is enhanced and performance progress is optimized.
