周原甲骨保存现状评估研究

Study on the conservation status of Zhouyuan oracle bones

为保护珍贵的周原甲骨文物,了解文物保存现状,将1977年出土周原甲骨与2010年出土周原甲骨及新鲜甲骨进行对比研究。采用扫描电镜、X荧光光谱、X衍射、红外光谱等方法,从表面微观特征、元素成分、化学结构等方面对周原甲骨进行分析。结果表明,经历了两千多年地下埋藏、出土后的酸洗及三十多年保存,1977年出土的周原甲骨,表面疏松粉化,微孔结构逐渐消失,出现走向无序的裂纹及片层状脱落,无机成分以羟基磷灰石为主,蛋白质等有机成分已全部分解。2010年出土的周原甲骨出土后未经任何保护处理,目前表面未出现明显粉化与脱落,仍有少量有机物存在。本研究成果可以作为甲骨文物保护方法与保护材料研究的基础参考资料。

In 1977,the oracle bones from Zhouyuan site were unearthed for the first time and became important cultural relics for research on the Western Zhou dynasty.To help protect the precious oracle bones and realize the current situation,this batch of oracle bones is compared with the fresh ones unearthed in 2010.Scanning electron microscopy,infrared spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence have been used to show surface microscopic characteristics,elemental composition and the chemical structure.The results indicate that after more than two thousand years hidden in the earth,pickling and about 30 years exposing in the air,the oracle bones unearthed in 1977 have deteriorated significantly,for example,by powdering,the fading away of microporous structure and disorderly cracking.Inorganic elements like hydroxyapatite have remained,but proteins and other organic compounds have decomposed.For the oracle bones unearthed in 2010 and kept without any human disturbance,the surface is smooth and there is a small amount of retained organic matter.This research result can be used as a basic reference for researches on methods and materials for oracle relics preservation.