盗窃罪“非法占有目的”对象刍议

On the Object of the Intent of Illegal Possession

德日刑法判例与学说均否认盗窃罪的非法占有必须是永久或长久的占有。在不以长久占有为目的拿走物品的情形下,行为人所意图非法占有的究竟是什么?尤其是在以返还意图取得财物的占有的情形下,例如拿走被害人财物隐瞒财物来源向其售卖或者向其勒索赎金,可否认定非法占有目的,颇具争议。关于非法占有的对象,德国刑法的通说是以物的存在形式为主、(狭义的)物的价值说为辅的"综合说"。本文倡导利用这一理论对盗窃罪的非法占有目的所针对的对象进行界定,并针对上述情形提出以盗窃罪的规范保护目的思想认定狭义的物的价值说中的"特殊价值",以维护盗窃罪构成要件轮廓的清晰。与此相关,针对我国近年学界聚讼的盗窃信用卡并使用行为、针对财产性利益的"盗窃"等问题,此种探讨也引入了一个新的视角。

The case Law in German and Japan deng that the illegal possession of theft must be the long duration possession. When taking an object away without the purpose of long duration possession, what on earth does the perpetrator intend to possess illegally？ Especially in the case of obtaining the pos- session of the property with the intent to return, for example,it is extremely difficult to give a clear an- swer to the following question： has the perpetrator the intent of illegal possession, wenn he takes away the property of the victim and then sells the property to the victim concealing the source of the property or asking the victim for a ransom, About the obiect of illegal possession, the common theory in German criminal law is the so called ＂synthetical theory＂（in German：Vereinigungstheorie） which is based on the existence of the object and also consider the theory of the value of the property （narrowly defined）. This paper advocates the use of this theory to define the object of the illegal possession of theft in solving the above-- mentioned case. In order to guarantee that the outline of the elements of theft is clear, the author advocates to define the ＂special value＂ in the meaning of the narrow value theory according to the protec- tion aim of the norm （in German：Zweck des Normschutz）of theft. Related to this,this paper has also in- troduced a new perspective in discussing the controversial problems such as stealing and using the credit card, for ＂theft＂ of the interests of property and so on.