在公共服务与市场竞争之间 法国行政合同制度的起源与流变

Between Public Service and Market Competition The Origin and Transition of French Administrative Contract System

20世纪初,在公共服务理念的支撑下,法国围绕实现公共服务之良好运作这一目的构建了以"调适——再平衡"机制为核心的经典行政合同制度。一方面,行政机关当事人享有行政特权;另一方面,行政合同相对人受到合同经济平衡原则的保护,二者即共同构成"调适——再平衡"机制的具体内容。然而自上世纪70年代以来,受到新自由主义的影响,公共服务理念虽仍然存续,但正日益被市场竞争理念所消解,这一方面推动行政合同制度朝着更加"竞争化"、"合同化"的方向改革,另一方面又要求行政合同制度在公共服务理念与市场竞争理念之间求得恰到的平衡,具体表现为公法学者对行政合同之类型化的重新思考以及行政法官对行政合同救济制度的进一步整合。

In the early of 20^th century, standing by the concept of public service and to well carry out this concept, a classical administrative contract system is proposed in France whose core mechanism is ＂modulation-re-balance＂. The mechanism of ＂modulation-re-balance＂ includes two aspects： On the one hand, the administrative party owns administrative privileges; on the other hand, the counterpart of administrative contract is protected by the contractual economic balancing principle. However, since 1970s, under the influence of Neo--Liberalism, although the concept of public service still exists, it is gradually dissipated by the concept of market competition. Thus, for one thing, it promotes the reform of administrative contract system to be more competitive and contracting. For another, it requires adminis- trative contract system to pursue the balance between the concept of public service and the concept of market competition. To realize this balance, scholars in the public law fields have advocated reconsidering the genre of administrative contract. Meanwhile, administrative judges have begun to further integrate administrative contact relief system.