保护区周边农户对生态保护收益及损失的感知分析

Perceptions of rural household surrounding the protection area on protection benefits and losses

了解保护区周边农户对生态保护收益和损失的感知有助于保护区的长期可持续发展。本研究利用在陕西、湖南和江西调研的922份有效农户数据,分析保护区周边农户对保护收益及损失的感知。研究结果表明:1生态保护带来的最主要的收益因素为居住环境改善、生态旅游增加收入和当地知名度增加,野生动物致害是在三个研究区域均发生次数最多的损失因素;2多数的当地居民对保护持有积极的态度(65.5%),农户在保护区获得收益与其保护态度呈正相关,从生态旅游、更多就业机会和更多生态补偿中获益的农户,其保护态度更积极;而承受生态保护的损失则与其保护态度呈负相关,木材采伐受到限制和发生野生动物致害的农户,其保护态度更消极;3承受保护损失的农户,其家庭收入相对较低,而获得保护收益的农户,其家庭收入相对较高。得到更多就业机会以及从生态旅游获益的农户,其家庭收入较高;木材采伐受到限制和野生动物致害的农户,其家庭收入较低。

Understanding the households＇ perceptions of protection benefits and losses surrounding the protection area is crucial in the long- term sustainable development of the protection area. The nature reserve institution should emphasize the benefits and losses of the local communities in their protection management so that solve the contradiction between resource protection and community development. This study used the 922 household data surveyed in 16 counties in Shaanxi,Hunan,and Jiangxi provinces to judge the perceptions on benefits and losses of protection surrounding the protection area. The conclusions are as follows：1 environmental improvement,income improvement from eco- tourism,and improvement of local awareness are three major benefits factors in the study area,while damage caused by wild animals is the major cost faced by the majority of the farmers in all three study areas;2Most of the local residents hold positive attitude about protection（65.5%）. Benefits received of the household have positive correlation with their protection attitude,farmers received more benefits from eco- tourism,more job opportunities,and more compensation hold more positive attitudes. Losses faced by farmers has negative correlation with their protection attitude,famers faced with more limitation of wood harvesting and damage caused by wild animals hold more negative protection attitude;3 Farmers bear more protection cost have relatively lower income;while farmers received more benefits have higher income.Farmers received benefits from more job opportunities and eco-tourism have higher family income,while farmers bear cost of wood harvesting limitation and wild animal damaging have lower income.