2000-2012年宁夏黄河流域生态安全综合评价

Assessment on the ecological security of the Yellow River Basin in Ningxia Province from 2000 to 2012

开展区域生态案例综合评价,可为地区生态案例建设以及生态可持续发展提供理论参考。本文以"3S"技术为支撑,结合宁夏黄河流域的实际情况,构建了生态安全评价体系,对流域2000年和2012年生态安全等级进行了评价;分析了流域2000年和2012年生态安全状况的时空演变情况,并对生态安全的主要影响因素进行了探讨。研究结果表明:1流域生态安全水平有所增强,但整体上仍处于欠安全级别;2空间上,流域中部的沙坡头、红寺堡和东部盐池县的生态安全有恶化趋势;流域北部的黄河灌区和流域南部山区生态安全状况有明显改善;32000-2012年以来,植被覆盖度与地下水资源有所增加,使得流域生态安全水平总体上有所提高;但在沙坡头、中宁、盐池、红寺堡等部分区域,因地下水与地表径流减少导致局部生态安全水平有所降低。未来生态建设中,需因地制宜,通过保护与恢复地下水资源、保护地表径流、结合生物与工程措施,改善生态环境,提高地区生态安全综合水平。

Ecological security is one of the foundations of national security,and is the basis of regional sustainable development. Regional ecological security includes ecological environmental security,economic security and social security. On the bases of analyzing outland and inland research,with the geographical information and remote sensing technology,Combined with the Ningxia the Yellow River basin actual situation,construction of the ecological safety evaluation system,ecological security of river basin in 2000 and 2012 were evaluated. Finally,the dynamic change of ecological security（number and spaces levels.）of study area over the past 12 years are analyzed. The result show：Watershed ecological security has been enhanced,but overall is still under security level. On space level,It have a tendency to deteriorate of ecological safe in Shapotou district（central of the study area）,Hongsibao district and Yanchi district（eastern of the study area）;Regional ecological security situation has improved significantly on the southern area of the Yellow River irrigation and drainage basin in the North. Mainly from a security level to the level of security,under security level to the lower level of security,no security level to the security level,not security level to the unsafe levels in significant transformation. In recent years,due to the increase of vegetation cover and basin water resources,ecological security has been enhanced. But in the territory of Shapotou,Zhongning,Yanchi,Hongsipu area,groundwater and surface runoff reduction causes the ecological security has declined. In the ecological construction in the future,we should pay attention to suit its measures to local conditions,to improve the ecological environment by runoff,surface protection and restoration of groundwater resources protection,biological and engineering measures such as combination of methods,to improve the regional ecological security.