水氮交互对油用向日葵粗脂肪及脂肪酸组分的影响

Oil sunflower crude fat and fatty acid composition under water and nitrogen coupling

为分析水氮交互对油葵粗脂肪及脂肪酸组分的影响,选取油葵杂交品种康地T562,采用现蕾至开花阶段灌水与追氮肥2因素3水平(灌水90mm、54mm、36mm;追氮肥0、52、104kg·hm^(-2))随机区组试验设计,于2011年在河套灌区进行田间试验。结果表明,水、氮及交互对油葵籽仁粗脂肪及主要脂肪酸组分(油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸)均影响显著。不追氮肥时,充足的土壤水分有利于油葵籽仁粗脂肪的生成。水氮交互下,土壤中有效氮的增加导致粗脂肪、亚油酸及不饱和脂肪酸的合成下降。土壤中水分的增加,促进油葵籽仁中亚油酸及不饱和脂肪酸的生成,但会抑制油葵籽仁中硬脂酸及饱和脂肪酸的生成。W90N0(灌水90mm,不追氮肥)处理下油葵籽仁粗脂肪含量最高,为60.37%;W90N52(灌水90mm,追氮肥52kg·hm^(-2))处理下亚油酸及不饱和脂肪酸含量最高,分别为69.06%、84.75%,而硬脂酸和饱和脂肪酸含量最低,分别为7.23%、13.06%。综合考虑粗脂肪含量高及脂肪酸组分构成有利于人类饮食健康,在河套灌区推荐油葵水肥技术参数为现蕾后开花前灌水90mm,追氮52kg·hm^(-2)。

To understand the interactive effects of irrigation and nitrogen（ N） fertilizer on crude fat and fatty acid composition at maturity in the seed,field experiment was performed in 2011 using oil sunflower hybrid Kangdi- T562 in Hetao Irrigation District（ Inner Mongolia,China）. The experiment was under randomized complete-block,factorial designed with 9 treatments and 3 replications. Results showed that water- nitrogen interaction had significant effects on crude fat and major fatty acid components in seeds. Under zero nitrogen,adequate soil moisture was crucial to crude fat synthesis. Under water- nitrogen interaction,increase of available nitrogen in soil led to lower of crude fat,linoleic acid and unsaturated fatty acid. And increase of soil moisture led to more linoleic acid and unsaturated fatty acid,but to less stearic acid and saturated fatty acid. The highest crude fat content reached60. 37% under W90N0（ 90 mm water with no N）. The highest linoleic acid and unsaturated fatty acid reached69. 06% and 84. 75% respectively under W90N52（ 90 mm water with N 52kg·hm^（-2））. While the lowest stearic acid and saturated fatty acid reached 7. 23% and 13. 06% respectively under W90N52. Considering both high crude fat and profitable fatty acid compositions,W90N52 should be recommended in Hetao Irrigation District.