樱属植物种质资源系统鉴定方法的研究

Study on the Identification Method of a System of the Cerasus Plants Germplasm Resources

以11株野生樱属植物为研究材料,观测其花、叶和果实等主要植物学特征,采用SSR分子标记技术分析其亲缘关系,采用DNA条形码技术进行分子鉴定。形态学观测结果表明,编号为1、3、4、7、8和9号的单株彼此间差异相对较小,果实均为紫黑色,但1、4和8号的萼筒为管状且1和4号的叶柄覆有较多短绒毛;5、6和11号彼此间差异相对较小,果实均为紫红色,但6号萼片明显长于萼筒,11号花柱上覆有较多绒毛;2和10号在性状上显著异于其他植株。初步判断1和4号为毛叶山樱,3、7和9号为山樱,6号为尾叶樱,11号为浙闽樱,10号可能为黑樱桃,2、5和8号待定。SSR聚类分析结果表明,形态上较接近的彼此间亲缘关系较近,同时推测出5号可能是浙闽樱和尾叶樱的变种,8号可能亦属于山樱。DNA条形码分析得出ITS的种间变异程度较大,可作为鉴定樱属植物的标准条形码。聚类结果与SSR聚类结果基本一致,序列比对后得出8号是山樱或山樱变种,5号应该是浙闽樱和尾叶樱的变种,由于NCBI数据库信息缺失,故2号无法鉴别出,可能是新种或变种,有待后续研究。此外研究还发现,2和5号可能是优良的变种,具有较高的观赏价值,后续有待进一步研究。

Eleven plants（#1 to #11）of Cerasus were selected to study the botanical characters of organs including flower,leaf and fruit. The genetic relationships and species identification were analyzed through simple sequence repeat（SSR）molecular marker technique and DNA barcode technology. The morphological result showed that there was little difference among #1,#3,#4,#7,#8 and #9. Their fruit colors were all in purple-black,while calyx tube shapes of #1,#4 and #8 were tubular and petioles of #1 and #4 had more short hair. There was no difference in fruit color in #5,#6 and #11,which was purple-red. But #6 had longer sepal than calyx tube,#11 had more short hair. In addition,the result indicated that #2 and #4 were significantly different from other traits in phenotype. We predicted that #1 and #4 were Cerasus serrulata var. pubescen,#3,#7 and #9 were C. serrulata,#6 was C. dielsiana,#11 was C. schneideriana,#10 might be C. maximowiczii,while #2,#5 and #8 were uncertain. The results of SSR clustering analysis showed that more similar in morphology,the closer genetic relationship these plants had. #5 was supposed to be a variation of C. schneideriana or C. dielsiana and #8 might be C. serrulata. DNA barcode analysis revealed that ITS sequence could be defined as a standard barcode in C. identification because ITS sequences were various from species greatly. The ITS clustering results were identical with SSR clustering. Sequence alignments proved #8 was C. serrulata or variation,#5 was supposed to be the variation of C. schneideriana or C. dielsiana,but #2 was still unknown due to the lack of information from NCBI database. Whether #2 is a new species or a variation requires further studies. Moreover,#2 and #5 might be the variations with higher ornamental value. This research provided an important reference for Cerasus identification,species classification and selection through morphological classification,SSR molecular marker and DNA barcoding technology.