采煤沉陷区断链减灾模式分析及应用

Analysis and application of chain-scission disaster mitigation mode in coal mining subsidence area

采煤沉陷区灾害链按照灾害类型划分通常包括采空区灾害链、煤矸石灾害链和不稳定边坡灾害链,在对其诱发因素、发育阶段、致灾机理和灾害环节进行分析的基础上,提出了适合于采煤沉陷区的断链减灾模式。目前大多数采煤沉陷区灾害链的发育阶段处于潜存阶段或诱发阶段,均已错失孕源断链的时机。在致灾环节上,进行人为断链是目前阶段采煤沉陷区最佳的断链模式。将提出的断链减灾模式应用于山西榆次北山煤矿采煤沉陷区的治理方案中,该综合治理方案能及时有效地切断灾害链的发展,以最少的资金投入来消除区内地质灾害的威胁,恢复原有的生态环境。

Disaster chains in coal mining subsidence area usually include goaf disaster chain,coal gangue disaster chain and unstable slope disaster chain according to the hazard classification. This paper proposed a chain-scission disaster mitigation mode suitable for coal mining subsidence area based on the analysis of inducing factors,development stage,disaster causing mechanism and disaster link. Actually,most of the disaster chains are in potential or induced stage,which means that,the opportunity to cut them from beginning have lost. The best model is breaking the chain artificially during the period when disasters occur. The proposed model was applied to Beishan Coal Mining subsidence area,which can timely and effectively cut off the development of the disaster chain to eliminate the threat of geological disasters in the area with the least capital,and at the same time,the original ecological environment could also be restored by the comprehensive control scheme.