2014年云南省血吸虫病重点环境哨鼠监测与风险分析

Monitoring of sentinel mice and risk assessment of schistosomiasis transmission in key regions of Yunnan Province in 2014

目的建立和完善云南省血吸虫病监测预警机制,及时发现可疑高危环境,预防人畜感染。方法选择云南省大理州巍山县、洱源县和大理市3个疫情较重县(市)的8个村庄作为监测点,开展重点水域哨鼠预警监测。对回收饲养后成活的哨鼠进行解剖观察,并用ELISA方法检测哨鼠血清抗体。同时记录分析监测点水域周围居民和家畜接触疫水情况,并综合近3年疫情资料进行风险评估。结果共投放哨鼠300只,哨鼠总回收率为94.67%,总死亡率为8.80%。未发现血清抗体阳性和解剖阳性哨鼠。接触疫水人员主要为村民、学生、儿童和渔民,接触方式主要为洗手洗脚、收种作物、捕鱼、洗菜和游泳等。监测点近3年钉螺面积、人群感染率和耕牛感染率均呈下降趋势,但仍存在一定的传播风险。结论 3个监测县(市)血吸虫病传播得到有效控制,但仍需加强以传染源控制为主的综合防治措施。

Objective To establish and perfect the surveillance and forecast system of schistosomiasis, and timely discover the suspicious high risk environments for preventing the human and livestock from schistosomiasis. Methods Eight villages of three counties were selected as survey points. Then, the surveillance and forecast of sentinel mice were carried out in the key water regions. The recovered sentinel mice were dissected in laboratory. The sentinel mouse serum antibodies against schistosome were detected by ELISA, the suspicious water contacts of residents and livestock were investigated and the results were analyzed, and the epidemic risk was assessed. Results Totally 300 sentinel mice were placed, the recovery rate was 94.67%, and the mortality rate was 8.80%. There were no mice with positive serum antibodies against schistosome, and the results of the dissection of all the sentinel mice were negative. The humans who contacted with the suspicious water were mainly villagers, students, children and fishermen by washing hands and feet, washing vegetables, harvesting, fishing and swimming. The Oncomelania hupensis snail areas, human infection rates, and cattle infection rates were obviously declined in recent 3 years. However, the epidemic risks still existed. Conclusion Although schistosomiasis transmission was effectively controlled in the three counties, the comprehensive control measures still should be strengthened.