四川小麦品种淀粉特性、多酚氧化酶活性和黄色素含量相关基因的分子标记鉴定

Molecular Marker Identification for Alleles of Waxy Protein, Polyphenol Oxidase Activity and Yellow Pigment Content in 105 Sichuan Wheat Cultivars

优良面条小麦品种的重要品质特征包括较低的直链淀粉含量、低多酚氧化酶(polyphenol oxidase,PPO)活性和低黄色素含量。本研究利用3个Waxy蛋白、4个PPO活性和6个黄色素含量等位基因的分子标记,对2000-2012年期间四川省审定的105份小麦品种进行基因检测。结果表明:针对淀粉特性,含Wx-B1b基因(Wx-B1缺失)的品种有34份(32.4%),未检测到含Wx-A1b(Wx-A1缺失)和Wx-D1b(Wx-D1缺失)的品种;针对PPO活性,在Ppo-A1位点含Ppo-A1b(低PPO活性)的品种有55份(52.4%),在Ppo-D1位点含Ppo-D1a(低PPO活性)的品种有78份(74.3%);针对黄色素含量,在Psy-A1位点含Psy-A1b(低黄色素含量)的品种有56份(53.3%),未检测到含Psy-A1c的品种,在Psy-B1位点含Psy-B1b(低黄色素含量)的品种有59份(56.2%),未检测到含Psy-B1e的品种。105份品种中兼有Waxy蛋白亚基缺失(Wx-B1b)、低PPO活性(Ppo-A1b和Ppo-D1a)和低黄色素含量等位基因(Psy-A1b和Psy-B1b)的品种有10份,频率为9.5%。利用这些优质基因较全面的品种作为亲本材料,在品质育种中逐步导入上述优质基因,是综合提高四川小麦面条质量的有效途径。

With 13 functional DNA primers including 3 Waxy protein markers, 4 polyphenol oxidase（PPO）markers and 6 yellow pigment content markers, 105 Sichuan wheat cultivars released from 2000 to 2012 were analyzed. The results showed as follows： for starch property, 34 cultivars were found containing Wx-B1b（Wx-B1 null）with a frequency of 32.4%, none was found containing Wx-A1b（Wx-A1 null） or Wx-D1b（Wx-D1 null）; for PPO activity, 55 cultivars had allele Ppo-A1b（low PPO activity） at Ppo-A1 locus with a frequency of 52.4%, 78 carried allele Ppo-D1a（low PPO activity） at Ppo-D1 locus with a frequencyof 74.3%; for yellow pigment content, 56 cultivars possessed Psy-A1b（low yellow pigment content） at Psy-A1 locus with a frequency of 53.3%, and no Psy-A1 c was found, 59 cultivars had Psy-B1b（low yellow pigment content） at Psy-B1 locus with a frequency of 56.2%, and no Psy-B1 e was detected. Ten cultivars（9.5%） had good combination of genes Wx-B1 b, Ppo-A1 b, Ppo-D1 a, Psy-A1 b and Psy-B1 b, which would be used as more effective donors in gene pyramiding for noodle wheat breeding.