利用根系形态构型筛选磷高效大豆基因型

Screening of Soybean Genotype with High Phosphorus Efficiency Using Root Morphology and Architecture

缺磷是影响大豆生产的重要障碍因子之一。目前,培育磷高效大豆品种,同时进行改土施肥,是解决大豆生产中土壤缺磷问题的较经济环保的方法。为探讨如何通过大豆苗期根系形态构型,对大豆种质资源进行磷效率早期筛选,本研究对186种大豆栽培品种的苗期根系形态构型、植株磷含量和生物量等性状进行了调查分析。对照选用已证实的大豆磷低效基因型和磷高效基因型,田间条件设置为低磷(不施磷)和高磷(160 kg/hm2)两种磷水平处理。低磷处理下,大豆磷含量的变异系数达到70.46%,远高于髙磷处理下的54.72%;高磷可促进根系的生长发育,低磷胁迫下RDA、RV、DRW、RRS变异系数更大。通过相关分析表明在高磷、低磷条件下大豆的根系性状和磷含量有显著差异,磷含量与根系形态构型呈正相关。以根系形态构型中的根干重、根总长、根冠比作为筛选指标,在不同磷水平条件下186个大豆栽培品种筛选出26种磷高效的种质资源。研究结果可为大豆磷高效遗传育种的研究提供理论依据。

Phosphorus（P） deficiency is one of the important obstacles for soybean production. Currently, fostering new soybean varieties of phosphorus efficiency, at the same time improving soil fertilization, this is an economical and environmentally friendly way to solve the problem of soil phosphorus deficiency soybean production. In order to investigate how to screen for the phosphorus efficiency soybean seedling by observing the configuration of root at soybean germplasm, 186 kinds of soybean cultivars configuration seedling root morphology, plant phosphorus content and biomass traits were analyzed in this study. The control group selected soybean which has been proved to be P-inefficient genotype and P-efficient genotype. Field conditions were set to low phosphorus（no phosphorus）and high phosphorus（160 kg/hm2） two kinds of phosphorus treatment. The low phosphorus treatment made the CV of the phosphorus content attain 70.46% which was higher than the high phosphorus treatment（54.72%）. High phosphorus can promote root growth, low phosphorus stress RDA, RV, DRW, RRS greater coefficient of variation. The analysis showed the soybean root traits and phosphorus content had a significant difference between the high phosphorus and low phosphorus conditions. Phosphorus content and root morphology were positively correlated configuration. The DRW, RL, RRS were made the screening index,186 kinds of soybean cultivars screened 26 germplasms with phosphorus efficiency. The result can be a phosphorus efficiency of soybean breeding genetic studies provide a theoretical basis.