中药和植物蛋白原料混合发酵生产鱼类生物饲料的初步研究

Preliminary research on mixed fermentation of Chinese herbal medicine and plant protein material for producing new biological fishery feed

为了研究中药对植物蛋白原料混菌固态发酵以及由中药和植物蛋白原料组成的生物发酵饲料对草鱼鱼种生长和非特异性免疫性能的影响,在植物原料中依次添加0.11%、0.33%、0.55%、0.77%、1.1%、3.3%、5.5%、8.8%的复合中药,测定各组总菌数、棉酚去除率、硫甙去除率和乳酸含量。确定最适添加量后,采用随机分组的方法,挑选体重（31±1）g的草鱼600尾,分成5组,K组（阴性对照组）投喂基础饲料,L组（阴性中药组）投喂发酵饲料,M组（阳性中药组）投喂发酵饲料＋0.3%中药,N组投喂发酵饲料＋0.3%单独发酵的中药,P组投喂发酵饲料＋0.3%和发酵基料混合发酵的中药,喂养至60 d,测定各组草鱼鱼种生长及免疫指标。结果表明：中药在0.11%~0.77%的浓度范围内,有利于发酵过程中乳酸含量提高和棉酚、硫甙的降解;在添加量大于3%时,不利于植物原料的微生物发酵;植物蛋白原料中添加0.3%的复合中药共同发酵后,相比较对照组,增重率提高了37.8%,饵料系数降低了17.2%,LSZ、SOD、SBI均有显著提高（P〈0.05）,而MDA、GOT、GPT、Cr则显著降低（P〈0.05）,说明生物发酵饲料对草鱼鱼种具有明显的促生长及提高非特异性免疫、增强抗病能力的作用;中药和植物原料单独发酵和混合发酵均对草鱼鱼种的生长和非特异性免疫能力的提高具有促进作用（P〈0.05）,但两者之间没有显著差异（P〉0.05）。

The main purpose of this thesis is to study effect of compound Chinese herbal medicine onplant protein material by mixed strains, and co-fermented effect of compound Chinese herbal medi-cines and plant protein material on growth performance and non- specific immune function of grasscarp. 30 Erlenmeyer flasks was divided into 10 groups, Group A was a negative control, Group B was apositive control, Group C- J were added with compound Chinese herbal medicines, orderly added by alevel of 0.11%, 0.33%, 0.55%, 0.77%, 1.1%, 3.3%, 5.5% and 8.8%, taking total number of microorgan-isms, the content of lactic acid, the detoxification of free gossypol and glucosinolate as the indexes. Af-ter the optimal content of compound Chinese herbal medicines were obtained, 600 healthy grass carpsof（31±1） g were randomly divided into 5 groups, the basal diet for each group was the same, Group Kwas a negative control, Group L was a negative control group 1 with fermented plant protein material,Group M was a positive control group with 0.3% compound Chinese herbal medicines and fermentedplant protein material, Group N was added withmonoculture of plant protein material and Chi-nese herbal medicines, Group P was added withco- fermentation of plant protein material andChinese herbal medicines. The results showedthat total numbers of microorganisms,lactic acid,the detoxification of free gossypol and glucosino-44 late were increased between 0.11% content of compound Chinese herbal medicines and 0.77% of that,those was lowered above 3% contents; compared with the control, the weight gain ratio of Group P wasimproved by 37.8%, the feed convertion ratios were reduced by 17.2%, co-fermentation group of plantprotein material and Chinese herbal medicines significantly increased LSZ, SOD, SBI and reducedMDA, GOT, GPT and Cr in serum. It had the same benefit to growth performance and immune functionof grass carp as monoculture of plant protein material and Chinese herbal medicines.