被害人特殊体质司法现状的刑法理论分析

Analysis on the Judicial Practice of Victims Special Physical from the Perspective of Criminal Law Theory

我国司法实践宽泛地理解伤害故意以及致人死亡的过失从而导致被害人特殊体质案件有罪率过高。为了有效地避免定罪率过高,应该直接从客观不法的角度限制犯罪的成立范围。如果行为人的行为只是造成被害人死亡的"诱因",只有行为人能具体预见到被害人特殊体质,才能将死亡结果归责于行为人的行为;如果行为人的行为直接造成"死因",即使行为人不能预见到被害人的特殊体质也应将死亡结果归责于行为人的行为。

In our judicial practice, too many defendants are held to be guilty in cases with victims of special physique, which is fundamentally because that we broadly understood the intentional injury and negligence causing death. In order to change the situation, it is necessary to limit the crime scope from the aspect of objective illegality. If the defendant＇ s behavior is just the ＂incentive＂ of the death of the victim, he/she will be guilty only when he/she should have foreseen the victim＇ s special physique. And if his or her behavior caused the victim＇ s death directly, he/she will be guilty even if he/she cannot foresee the victim＇ s special physique.