甘青河湟方言的差比句--类型学和接触语言学视角

The comparative construction of He-Huang dialects in Gansu and Qinghai:Perspectives of typology and contact linguistics

甘青河湟方言导源于语言接触的语法型变同样波及差比句,使之呈现出相应的类型特征:名词性基准和动词性基准普遍存在分别适配的介词性标记和关联性标记;客体格、伴随格、从格助词和动词的连接式助词都可以用作基准标记并可以构成Y+M+A差比式。从格助词、连接助词差比标记和相应的Y+M+A差比式来源于对蒙古语言同类标记的借用和相应构式的复制;客体格、伴随格助词的差比标记功能则是在汉语比较动词与基准的句法语义关系的制约下获得的,相应的Y+M+A差比式来源于Y+M+V+A动词差比式,是本方言基于内外动因的语法创新。

The grammatical metatype derived from language contact concerning He-Huang dialects in Gansu and Qinghai has affected the comparative constructions, which exhibit the following type characteristics: Prepositional markers and conjunctional markers correspond respectively to the NP standard and VP standard; The objective,comitative, ablative case markers and the conjunctive markers can all function as markers of the standard and thus constitute the Y+M+A construction. The ablative and conjunctive markers serving as comparative markers and the corresponding Y+M+A construction in He-Huang dialects are derived from the Mongolian languages,whereas the objective-originated and comitative-originated comparative markers are the consequence of syntactic and semantic interractions between the comparative verb and the standard in Chinese language and the corresponding two Y+M+A constructions are derived from the Y+M+V+A construction. These characteristics represent a grammatical innovation of these dialects under both external and internal influences.